跟进：艾森科特受领以色列组阁授权并开出四项入阁条件：四党仅48席，周二新议会宣誓成首考

以色列总统伊萨克·赫尔佐格（Isaac Herzog）11月8日（周日）正式把组建下一届政府的授权交给中间派政党亚沙尔党（Yashar）领袖、前国防军总参谋长加迪·艾森科特（Gadi Eisenkot）。这一决定是在赫尔佐格上周与议会各党派进行两天磋商后作出的：艾森科特获得新一届议会120名议员中67人的推荐，其中包括两个阿拉伯政党的19名议员；总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡获得46人推荐，其传统盟友统一托拉犹太教党在磋商中拒绝推荐他。

赫尔佐格在交付授权时说，以色列面临的挑战巨大，必须处理地区的政治前景与战后安排，抵御制裁与政治威胁，并应对美国中期选举后民主党掌控国会带来的新政治局面。

艾森科特在受领授权时表示，他的手是伸出的，大门是敞开的，面向任何理解此刻分量的人；同时警告，任何试图破坏新政府组建的人，将被历史记住为在紧急时刻没有挽救以色列的人。他主张尽快组建他所称的「国家紧急政府」，先以少数政府形式宣誓就职。该政府拟由四个犹太反对党组成—他领导的亚沙尔党、由前总理纳夫塔利·贝内特与亚伊尔·拉皮德领导的「共同」党、阿维格多·利伯曼领导的「以色列我们的家园」党，以及亚伊尔·戈兰领导的左翼民主党人党—四党合计只有48席。

艾森科特为入阁开出四项条件：承认以色列为犹太、民主、自由与平等的国家；承诺恪守《独立宣言》的价值；实行全民服役，无论是兵役、国民役还是民事役；承认哈马斯为恐怖组织。最后一项条件实际上使阿拉伯政党无法进入内阁，但它们仍可从政府外部提供支持，形成议会安全网。以色列法律规定，组建政府只需简单多数通过信任表决。

当前最大的障碍来自利伯曼。他排除了任何依赖阿拉伯政党的政府，称少数政府将短命、只会让内塔尼亚胡东山再起；他转而主张尽力与两个极端正统派政党—沙斯党与统一托拉犹太教党—凑足61席组阁。但这一路线与反对派结束极端正统派男性兵役全面豁免的核心承诺冲突，艾森科特所列的「全民服役」条件正是针对这一问题。

内塔尼亚胡方面称选举结果被「窃取」，并在周六的视频声明中呼吁由其整个阵营参与的民族团结政府。亚沙尔党回应称，若利库德集团想要广泛团结政府，应先宣布解散与极端派的联盟，再加入艾森科特领导的政府。

艾森科特的第一个考验在周二：新一届议会将宣誓就职，反对派打算更换内塔尼亚胡阵营的议会议长。自周日起，艾森科特有28天时间就内阁职位、预算与政策进行谈判，可再延长14天；若组阁失败，授权将转交内塔尼亚胡，其期限为四周。

Eisenkot Accepts the Mandate to Form Israel's Next Government and Sets Four Conditions: His Four Parties Hold Only 48 Seats

President Isaac Herzog officially gave Gadi Eisenkot, a retired military chief who led the centrist Yashar party in the October 27 election, the mandate to form Israel's next government on Sunday, November 8. His decision followed two days of consultations last week with all parties elected to the Knesset. Eisenkot secured the support of 67 members of the incoming 120-seat Knesset, including 19 from the two Arab parties. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu received just 46 recommendations, and a crack in his bloc appeared when United Torah Judaism, a traditional Netanyahu ally, declined to recommend him.

"The challenges facing the State of Israel are immense," Herzog said as he gave Eisenkot the mandate. "We must deal with building the political horizon in the region and the day after the war," he said, adding that Israel must also deal with a new political situation in the United States — a reference to the U.S. midterm elections in which Democrats swept to power in Congress.

Accepting the mandate, Eisenkot said his "hand is extended" and his door open to anyone who understands the magnitude of the hour, and warned that anyone who tried to undermine a new government "will be remembered in history as someone who did not save Israel in a time of emergency." He is pushing to form what he calls a "national emergency government" and to swear in a minority government as soon as possible. It would comprise the four Jewish opposition parties, which together hold 48 seats: his own Yashar; Together, led by former prime ministers Naftali Bennett and Yair Lapid; Avigdor Liberman's Yisrael Beiteinu, and the left-wing Democrats, led by Yair Golan.

He has set four conditions for joining: recognizing Israel as a Jewish, democratic, liberal, and egalitarian state; commitment to the values of the Declaration of Independence; universal service — whether military, national, or civilian — and recognition of Hamas as a terrorist organization. The last condition effectively rules out the Arab parties from sitting in the Cabinet, but they could still support the government from outside, providing a parliamentary safety net. Israeli law requires only a simple majority to establish a government; removing one requires an absolute majority of 61 votes supporting an alternative government.

Eisenkot's central obstacle is Liberman, who has ruled out any government dependent on the Arab parties, arguing a minority government will be short-lived and will only strengthen Netanyahu. Instead, Liberman proposed making a maximum effort to form a coalition of 61 lawmakers with the two ultra-Orthodox parties, Shas and United Torah Judaism, without the Arab parties. That plan clashes with one of the opposition's core commitments: to end the blanket draft exemption for ultra-Orthodox men from mandatory military service — the very issue addressed by Eisenkot's universal-service condition. The ultra-Orthodox parties are pressing for legislation that would enshrine the exemption.

Netanyahu, who lost his parliamentary majority, is challenging the election results and, in a video statement Saturday, called for a national unity government with his entire bloc. The Yashar party responded that if Likud wants a broad unity government, it is welcome to announce the dissolution of its alliance with the extremists and enter a government under Eisenkot.

Eisenkot's first test comes Tuesday with the swearing-in of the new Knesset, where the opposition intends to replace Netanyahu's Knesset speaker. Starting Sunday, Eisenkot will have 28 days to negotiate with other parties over Cabinet posts, budgets and policies, with a possible 14-day extension. If he fails, the mandate passes to Netanyahu for another four weeks.

来源：以色列总统府

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：亚沙尔党领袖加迪·艾森科特肖像。照片：Yahav Trudler（Yahav Studio），经 Wikimedia Commons（CC BY-SA 3.0）。 / Photo: Yashar leader Gadi Eisenkot. Yahav Trudler (Yahav Studio), via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0).

GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story

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