跟进：联邦法官下达临时禁令：禁止司法部以起诉威胁选举工作人员，司法部已上诉

旧金山（San Francisco）——美国加州北区联邦地区法院法官 Trina Thompson 10月30日晚签发临时限制令，禁止美国司法部（Department of Justice，DOJ）与美国国土安全部（Department of Homeland Security，DHS）以刑事起诉威胁各州选举官员与选举工作人员、迫使其按联邦政府的资格指控隔离或扣下登记选民的选票。禁令适用于全美，有效期至11月16日下午5时。美国司法部10月31日已向美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院提出上诉。

此案名为 SEIU 诉美国司法部案（案号 3:26-cv-12800），由服务业雇员国际工会（SEIU）、美国州县市雇员联合会（AFSCME）、拉丁美洲公民联盟（LULAC）与全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）等多家工会与民权组织于10月29日提起。据 Democracy Docket 报道，这是法院首次以命令形式明确禁止司法部作出这类威胁。Thompson 法官由前总统拜登任命。

禁令有效期间，司法部与国土安全部不得威胁、恐吓或胁迫州与地方选举官员及工作人员，要求其停止处理某位登记选民的选票——理由仅限于联邦政府单方认定该选民不具投票资格；不得要求官员据此把选民从名册除名、拒绝发给选票或将选票隔离；也不得以起诉威胁那些拒绝上述要求、或依法计票的官员。两部门还须通知所有收到过其选票函件的政府：相关威胁已被法院禁止；司法部须向法院披露与选民名单有关的待决搜查令申请与大陪审团传票。

Thompson 法官在裁决意见中写道，尽管被告声称其行动旨在制止非公民非法投票，其行动很可能干扰选举行政、剥夺合法选民的投票权。她写道，州与地方政府雇员依法分发、处理或清点选票、管理2026年中期选举，「并不违反联邦刑法——即使某张选票属于被告指称为不具资格的登记选民」。据 CBS News 报道，法官认定联邦官员的行为很可能违反1965年《投票权法》中禁止恐吓、威胁或胁迫协助他人投票者的条款。

此案背景是司法部近月向多州选举官员发函，称在选民名册中发现疑似非公民，并要求加州隔离约2万张选票、华盛顿州隔离405张；联邦检察官还曾以大陪审团传票传唤洛杉矶县（Los Angeles County）选举工作人员。司法部称其行动旨在制止非公民投票——非公民投票属违法行为。司法部须在11月2日中午之前作出回应，关于是否延长为预备禁令的听证定于11月13日举行。

关联：司法部非公民选民名单扩至五州：法院两度驳回阻止加州计票要求

Follow-Up: Federal Judge Bars Justice Department From Threatening Election Workers; Government Appeals

SAN FRANCISCO — U.S. District Judge Trina Thompson of the Northern District of California issued a temporary restraining order on the evening of October 30 barring the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) from threatening election officials and election workers with criminal prosecution to pressure them into segregating or setting aside ballots based on the federal government's claims that certain registered voters are ineligible. The order applies nationwide and runs until 5 p.m. on November 16. The Justice Department appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on October 31.

The case, SEIU v. U.S. Department of Justice (No. 3:26-cv-12800), was filed on October 29 by the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), the NAACP and other labor and civil rights organizations. According to Democracy Docket, it is the first court order that legally bars the Justice Department from making such threats. Judge Thompson was appointed by President Joe Biden.

While the order is in place, the two departments may not threaten, intimidate or coerce state and local election officials or workers to stop processing a registered voter's ballot solely because the administration alleges that voter is ineligible; may not demand that officials purge those voters from the rolls, refuse them ballots, or set their ballots aside on that basis; and may not threaten prosecution against officials who refuse those demands or who count ballots as the law requires. The departments must also notify every government that received their ballot letters that the threats are blocked, and the Justice Department must disclose any pending search warrant applications or grand jury subpoenas tied to its voter lists.

In her opinion, Judge Thompson wrote that although the defendants claim their actions are designed to halt unlawful voting by noncitizens, their actions are likely to interfere with election administration and disenfranchise lawful voters. State and local government employees who distribute, process or count ballots in accordance with the law, she wrote, "do not violate federal criminal law even if a particular ballot belongs to a registered voter alleged by Defendants to be ineligible to vote." CBS News reported that the judge found the federal officials' conduct likely violated the provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that prohibits intimidating, threatening or coercing people who help others vote.

The ruling follows Justice Department letters to election officials in multiple states asserting that suspected noncitizens had been found on voter rolls. The department demanded that California set aside about 20,000 ballots and Washington 405, and prosecutors subpoenaed Los Angeles County election workers to a grand jury. The Justice Department says its actions are aimed at stopping voting by noncitizens, which is illegal. The department must respond by noon on Monday, November 2, and a hearing on a longer preliminary injunction is set for November 13.

Related: Justice Department noncitizen voter lists reach five states: courts twice reject bid to block California ballot counting

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：位于 San Francisco 的 Phillip Burton 联邦大楼暨美国联邦法院大楼（450 Golden Gate Avenue），美国加州北区联邦地区法院所在地。Sam Wheeler 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The Phillip Burton Federal Building and United States Courthouse in San Francisco, home of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Photo by Sam Wheeler, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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