跟进：加州逾2万张邮寄选票照常计票：联邦法官卡特驳回司法部紧急隔离请求

在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县洛杉矶市审理加州选票案的美国联邦地区法官戴维·卡特（David Carter）10月28日晚作出裁定，驳回美国司法部（DOJ）提出的临时限制令申请，拒绝下令加州停止处理逾2万名选民的邮寄选票。司法部称，这批登记选民「很可能不是美国公民」；裁定意味着，在11月3日中期选举之前，加州各县将照常处理并计入已投回的邮寄选票。

卡特在26页的裁定中写道：「美国历史上从未有过联邦政府在选举前夕，试图胁迫州和地方政府放弃自身的宪法选举程序、屈从行政部门意志的做法。」他在裁定结尾写道：「选票一旦被隔离，持久的损害就已造成。如果行政部门能仅凭未经证实的指控就扣下选票、威胁一场正在进行的选举，我们的民主就处于危险之中。本法院拒绝成为这一过程的一方。」

司法部10月15日就此起诉加州及洛杉矶县，主张处理选票一事十万火急：邮寄选票信封经签名核验后，选票即与信封分离以保护选民隐私，其后便无法再取出某一张选票；司法部并称，非公民投票会稀释美国公民的选票。路透社报道，司法部并未说明名单上的2万多人中实际有多少人已经投回邮寄选票。卡特在裁定中指出，联邦政府仍可通过起诉以非公民身份非法投票的个人来处理个案，司法部官员称近两个月已起诉数十名无美国公民身份却登记或投票的人。

加州总检察长罗布·邦塔（Rob Bonta）在加州提交的法庭文件中写道：「这场诉讼是进一步干预加州的序幕。法院绝不能被卷入这种对民主价值与宪法原则令人不寒而栗的侵蚀。」洛杉矶县对名单中一小部分人的初步分析显示，相当一部分人在记录中称出生于美国，许多人并无有效的选民登记；但美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）高级官员 Nicolas Bartell 在法庭文件中反驳称，其复核未发现其中有人出生于美国，同时承认其中4人「可能有主张美国公民身份的依据」。作为介入本案的投票权团体一方专家证人，特拉华大学政治学者 Kassra Oskooi 在提交法院的声明中称，移民局的名单匹配方法「很可能不可靠」。

这是司法部在本案中数日内第二次受挫：10月26日，美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院以2比1驳回司法部的紧急上诉，理由是司法部没有给地区法院留出裁决时间；卡特10月27日在洛杉矶举行听审，10月28日晚作出上述裁定。据全国公共广播电台（NPR）报道，司法部预计将就裁定提出上诉，案件最终可能上至美国最高法院。

据路透社援引的州记录，加州截至2025年12月有2300万名登记选民，在美国众议院占有52个席位，为各州最多；11月3日的中期选举将决定国会参众两院的控制权。司法部近期还在其他州采取类似动作：本周要求华盛顿州复核一份400人的名单，称这些登记选民可能不是美国公民；上周又在阿拉斯加州提起诉讼，要求在共和党现任参议员以微弱差距落败的情况下阻止该州认证选举结果。

关联：加州选票案10月27日在洛杉矶开庭听审：司法部要求暂不计2万多张邮寄选票

Follow-Up: Federal Judge Carter Denies Justice Department Bid to Set Aside More Than 20,000 California Mail Ballots

LOS ANGELES, Los Angeles County, California — U.S. District Judge David Carter, hearing the California ballot case in Los Angeles, ruled on the evening of October 28 to deny the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) request for a temporary restraining order, refusing to order California to stop processing mail ballots from more than 20,000 registered voters. The Justice Department alleges the voters on its list are likely noncitizens; the ruling means California counties will continue to process and count returned mail ballots as usual ahead of the November 3 midterm elections.

"Never before in American history has the federal government, on the eve of an election, sought to coerce a state and local government to abandon their own Constitutional elections procedures and bend to the will of the Executive Branch," Carter wrote in the 26-page ruling. He concluded: "Once a vote is segregated, lasting harm has occurred. If the Executive can discount votes and threaten an ongoing election due to unproven allegations, then our democracy is in danger. This Court declines to be a party to such process."

The Justice Department sued California and Los Angeles County on October 15, arguing the matter was urgent because once a returned mail ballot envelope passes signature verification, the ballot is separated from its envelope to protect voter confidentiality and can no longer be retrieved; it also argued that votes by noncitizens dilute the votes of U.S. citizens.

Reuters reported that the department did not indicate how many of the more than 20,000 people it flagged had actually submitted a mail ballot. Carter noted the federal government can still address individual cases by prosecuting people for illegally voting as noncitizens; DOJ officials say dozens of people have been charged in the past two months with registering or voting without U.S. citizenship.

California Attorney General Rob Bonta wrote in the state's court filing: "This litigation is a precursor to further interference here in California. The Court must not be drawn into this chilling degradation of democratic values and constitutional principles."

A Los Angeles County analysis of a small sample of people on the DOJ list found that a significant portion had said in records they were born in the United States, and county officials say many on the list do not have active voter registrations. But Nicolas Bartell, a senior official at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), contested that in court filings, writing that his office's review found none of those individuals were U.S.-born, while acknowledging that four of them "might have a claim to U.S. citizenship."

Kassra Oskooi, a University of Delaware political scientist serving as an expert witness for voting-rights groups intervening in the case, told the court in a declaration that he believes USCIS's matching protocol "is likely to be unreliable."

The ruling is the Justice Department's second setback in the case within days: on October 26, a panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled 2-1 to reject the department's emergency appeal, saying it had not given the district court adequate time to rule. Carter held a hearing in Los Angeles on October 27 and issued his decision on the evening of October 28. NPR reported that the Justice Department is expected to appeal the denial, and the matter could ultimately reach the U.S. Supreme Court.

California had 23 million registered voters as of December 2025, according to state records cited by Reuters, and holds 52 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, more than any other state; the November 3 midterms will decide control of both houses of Congress. The department has taken similar steps in other states in recent days, asking Washington state this week to review a list of 400 registered voters it says may not be citizens, and suing in Alaska last week to block certification of the state's Senate race if the Republican incumbent loses by a slim margin.

Related: California ballot case heard in Los Angeles on Oct. 27 as DOJ seeks to hold more than 20,000 mail ballots

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：位于洛杉矶市中心的美国联邦法院大楼（First Street U.S. Courthouse，资料图）。Daniel L. Lu 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons / Photo: First Street U.S. Courthouse in downtown Los Angeles (file photo). By Daniel L. Lu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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