司法部非公民选民名单扩至五州：法院两度驳回阻止加州计票要求

华盛顿——在美国选民11月3日参加中期选举投票前，特朗普政府编制的疑似非公民选民名单可能被用来质疑选举结果的有效性。路透社11月1日报道，司法部文件显示，截至10月30日，政府已向加利福尼亚州、华盛顿州、新泽西州、宾夕法尼亚州和内华达州五个州的选举官员致函，称已在选民名册中发现非公民。

其中，加利福尼亚州一案的争议最大。司法部在10月13日的信中要求加州在核实公民身份前，不得计入约2万名登记选民的选票，并警告处理这些选票的选举工作人员可能面临起诉。司法部随后起诉加州，要求阻止该州计入这份名单上的任何选票。

法院两度站在加州一边。10月28日，加州一名联邦法官驳回了司法部阻止计入这2万张选票的申请，称此举将对11月3日选举「造成严重破坏」，并质疑名单的可靠性；上诉法院10月30日维持了这一裁决，理由是存在「实质性风险」会剥夺合格选民的投票权。司法部表示「可能」会继续上诉。

路透社同时报道，国土安全部已从至少47个州取得至少部分选民名册数据，通常包括姓名、地址与登记状态，部分还包括出生日期等信息。非公民投票属违法行为，可导致监禁、罚款与驱逐。路透社7月的一项调查发现，自1996年设立联邦「外国人投票」罪名以来，非公民因非法投票被联邦起诉的案件仅129起，其中许多源于混淆或行政错误，而非蓄意欺诈。

来源：路透社11月1日报道（引司法部文件与法院裁决）。

Noncitizen Voter Lists Expand to Five States as Courts Twice Decline to Block California Ballots

WASHINGTON — Lists of possible noncitizen voters compiled by the Trump administration could be used to contest the validity of results as Americans head to the polls on Tuesday for the midterm elections, Reuters reported on November 1.

The administration has acknowledged sending letters to election officials in five states — California, Washington, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Nevada — as of October 30, saying it identified noncitizens on their voter rolls, according to a Justice Department document seen by Reuters.

In an October 13 letter, the Justice Department demanded California not count ballots from about 20,000 registered voters without first verifying their citizenship, warning that election workers who processed them could face prosecution. The department is now suing California to block the state from counting any ballots from the list of 20,000 voters.

Courts have twice sided with California. On October 28, a federal judge in California rejected the Justice Department's bid to block ballots from the 20,000 voters, saying the move would "wreak havoc" on the November 3 elections and questioning the reliability of the list. An appeals court upheld the ruling on October 30, citing a "material risk" of disenfranchising eligible voters. The Justice Department would "probably" appeal, Reuters reported.

The Department of Homeland Security obtained at least partial voter-roll data from at least 47 states, typically including names, addresses and registration status and, in some cases, dates of birth, according to Reuters. Noncitizen voting is illegal and can lead to jail time, fines and deportation. A Reuters investigation in July found just 129 cases in which noncitizens were federally charged with voting illegally since a federal "voting by aliens" statute was created in 1996; many appeared to stem from confusion or administrative errors rather than intentional fraud.

Source: Reuters, November 1 report, citing Justice Department documents and court rulings.

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：选民排队提前投票（资料图）。来源：Wikimedia Commons（Famartin，CC BY-SA 4.0）

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