跟进：第九巡回法院2比1再度驳回司法部紧急请求：加州逾2万张邮寄选票照常计票

旧金山 — 位于加利福尼亚州旧金山县旧金山市的美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院（9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals）10月30日以2比1作出裁定，再度驳回美国司法部（DOJ）要求临时阻止加州计入逾2万名登记选民邮寄选票的紧急请求。司法部称名单上的选民「很可能不是美国公民」；裁定意味着，距11月3日中期选举仅剩四天，加州各县将照常处理并计入这批选票。

多数意见由法官马克·贝内特（Mark Bennett）与加布里埃尔·桑切斯（Gabriel Sanchez）联名。两人在意见中写道：「我们谢绝合众国要我们违背《选举条款》（Elections Clause）的邀请，那样做将损害宪法的明文规定。」多数意见还指出，司法部的请求很可能违反《全国选民登记法》（National Voter Registration Act）——该法禁止在选举日之前90天内系统性清理选民名单；意见同时援引地区法院的认定称，没有任何可行办法能在不对整个系统造成「潜在灾难性影响」的情况下，识别并隔离特定个人的选票。

法官帕特里克·布马泰（Patrick Bumatay）在异议中称，司法部提出的只是「一项适度的补救」。他写道，如果加州收到这些可疑选票、将其与合法选票混在一起并处理计入，潜在的非法选票将被计入代表选举的结果，威胁稀释合格公民的选票。

这是司法部在本案中连续第三次在法庭受挫。司法部10月15日起诉加州，此前曾给州政府48小时期限，要求复核这份逾2万人名单，并在公民身份核实前隔离相关选票。10月26日，第九巡回法院以2比1驳回司法部的第一次紧急上诉，理由是地区法院尚未裁决；10月28日，联邦地区法官戴维·卡特（David Carter）驳回司法部的临时限制令申请，称隔离选票将给正在进行的选举「造成严重混乱」；司法部10月29日再向第九巡回法院提出紧急请求并要求10月30日前裁决，同一三人法官组合当日再度以2比1拒绝。

加州官员此前拒绝了司法部的要求，质疑联邦名单数据的可靠性，并指出加州法律要求选民在登记时在伪证处罚之下宣誓公民身份，这也是联邦选举法的要求；加州总检察长办公室此前还指出，联邦政府承认名单中可能包含美国公民。加州现有逾2300万名登记选民，名单所涉人数占比极小；据法庭文件与此前报道，截至10月28日，全州已有逾370万名选民投出选票，各县的选票处理正在进行中。

据 Democracy Docket 报道，外界预计司法部将立即向美国最高法院提出紧急申请。与此同时，地区法院就司法部要求加州处理选民名单的本诉仍在继续，后续听证定于11月13日举行，双方须在11月6日前提交能说明联邦名单数据与筛选方法有效性的证人名单。司法部还在华盛顿州提出类似要求，主张隔离数百名被其指为非公民的选民的选票。

关联：跟进：加州逾2万张邮寄选票照常计票：联邦法官卡特驳回司法部紧急隔离请求

关联：跟进：第九巡回法院2比1驳回司法部紧急上诉：加州逾2万张邮寄选票隔离请求被拒，案件回地区法院

Follow-Up: Ninth Circuit Again Rejects Justice Department Emergency Bid 2-1: More Than 20,000 California Mail Ballots to Be Counted as Usual

SAN FRANCISCO, San Francisco County, California — The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on October 30 again rejected, by a 2-1 vote, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) emergency request to temporarily block California from counting mail ballots from more than 20,000 registered voters. The Justice Department alleges the voters on its list are likely noncitizens; the ruling means California counties will continue to process and count those ballots as usual, four days before the November 3 midterm elections.

Judges Mark Bennett and Gabriel Sanchez wrote the majority opinion. "We decline the United States's invitation to contravene the Elections Clause by undermining the Constitution's plain text," they wrote. The majority also said the request likely violates the National Voter Registration Act, which prohibits systemic voter purges less than 90 days before an election day, and, citing the district court's findings, said there is no feasible way to identify and segregate the ballots of specific individuals without potentially catastrophic effects on the entire system.

Judge Patrick Bumatay dissented, calling what the Justice Department proposed "a modest remedy." If California receives the suspect ballots, mixes them with legitimate ballots and processes them, he wrote, the potentially illegal votes will be counted toward the election of representatives, threatening to dilute the votes of eligible citizens.

This is the Justice Department's third straight court loss in the case. The department sued California on October 15, after giving the state 48 hours to review its list of more than 20,000 people and set aside their ballots until their citizenship could be confirmed. On October 26, the Ninth Circuit dismissed the department's first emergency appeal 2-1 because the district court had not yet ruled; on October 28, U.S. District Judge David Carter denied the request for a temporary restraining order, saying segregating the ballots would wreak havoc on the election already under way. The Justice Department filed a renewed emergency request on October 29 and asked for a ruling by October 30; the same three-judge panel again ruled 2-1 against it.

California officials had earlier rebuffed the department's demand, questioning the reliability of the federal list and noting that California law requires voters to attest to their citizenship under penalty of perjury when registering, which is all federal election law requires. The California Attorney General's office has also noted that the federal government has admitted the list could include U.S. citizens. California has more than 23 million registered voters, and the flagged list is a tiny fraction of that total; according to court filings and earlier reporting, more than 3.7 million Californians had already cast ballots as of October 28, and ballot processing is continuing in counties across the state.

Democracy Docket reported that the Justice Department is expected to appeal immediately to the U.S. Supreme Court. The underlying lawsuit in district court, over the department's demand that California act on its voter list, continues, with a further hearing set for November 13 and witness lists on the validity of the department's data and methodology due by November 6. The Justice Department has made a similar demand in Washington state, seeking to segregate ballots from hundreds of voters it alleges are noncitizens.

Related: Follow-Up: Federal Judge Carter Denies Justice Department Bid to Set Aside More Than 20,000 California Mail Ballots

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国最高法院大楼（资料照片）。司法部在本案中连续第三次受挫，外界预计其将向最高法院提出紧急申请。Joe Ravi 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。 / Photo: The U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington (file photo). After its third straight court loss in the case, the Justice Department is expected to seek emergency relief from the Supreme Court. By Joe Ravi, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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