跟进：纽森致信加州四家联邦地区法院首席法官：警告查扣选票搜查令风险

位于加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托县的州府 Sacramento，加州州长办公室10月31日发布消息：州长纽森当天致信加州四家联邦地区法院的首席地区法官，提醒他们警惕联邦方面在选举进行期间申请搜查令、查扣选票与选举材料的风险，并随信附上供法官评估这类申请时参考的无党派专家法律资源。

纽森在信中写道，他此信并非针对其法院目前正在审理的任何搜查令申请，他也不知道目前有这类事项；他写信是为提醒风险：选举结果认证之前若签发搜查令查扣选票、选举记录或经认证的投票技术设备，将危及选举完整性。

信中列举了近几周的事态。司法部代理副部长 Trent McCotter 向州与地方选举官员发函，警告他们若不遵从联邦政府的要求可能面临法律风险；加州中区联邦检察官办公室第一助理检察官 Bilal Essayli 则在社交媒体上明确威胁，要对处理了联邦方面所称可能由非公民投出的选票的选举官员提起刑事起诉。

信中还说，联邦大陪审团已向洛杉矶县选举工作人员发出传票；有报道显示，尽管主审 United States v. California 一案的法官 David O. Carter 已提醒说，对州与县当选雇员的任何威胁都应立即停止，司法部仍在加紧推进对未遵从其要求的州与地方选举官员的刑事调查。

纽森在信中表示，加州对选票与选票材料有严格的保管链、文件记录与保存法律，任何与选票有关的所谓不法证据都会被保存并由法院适当监督，因此没有正当的执法理由去查扣选票、选票材料以及处理和统计选票所需的设备；这样做的唯一理由就是干预加州合法的计票与结果认证。

纽森表示，他严重担忧联邦人员会在选举结果认证之前申请搜查令查扣选票与选票材料。随信附上的参考资源是 UC Berkeley Edley Center on Law & Democracy 今年9月发布的《评估选举材料搜查令的问题清单》，供可能在加州选举结果于12月11日认证之前审理搜查令申请的地方法官与地区法官参考。

加州与联邦司法部围绕被指非公民选民名单的争议已持续数周：司法部此前起诉加州、申请紧急限制令要求隔离相关选票，并致函警告选举官员可能担责；联邦法院其后已下令司法部停止以起诉威胁选举官员。

关联：跟进：法官下令司法部停止以起诉威胁选举官员：不得凭非公民名单除名或隔离选票

关联：跟进：司法部警告洛县与加州选举官员 计入被指非公民者选票或担联邦罪责 特朗普转发称将入狱

Follow-Up: Newsom Warns California's Chief Federal Judges of Ballot-Seizure Warrant Risk

In Sacramento, the capital city in Sacramento County, California, the Governor's Office said on October 31 that Governor Gavin Newsom sent a letter that day to the Chief District Judges for the four federal district courts in California, warning of the risk of federal search warrants to seize ballots and election materials while the election is underway, and enclosing nonpartisan expert legal resources for evaluating such requests.

In the letter, Newsom wrote that he was not writing in connection with any warrant application currently pending in their courts, and that he was unaware of any such matters at this time. He wrote to alert the judges to the risk to election integrity of issuing a search warrant to seize ballots, election records or certified voting technology while an election is underway and before the results are certified.

The letter cited recent developments. Acting Deputy Attorney General Trent McCotter, the number two official at the U.S. Department of Justice, sent letters to state and local election officials warning of potential legal jeopardy if they did not comply with the federal government's demands. Bilal Essayli, First Assistant United States Attorney for the Central District of California, explicitly threatened via social media posts to bring criminal prosecution against elections officials who process ballots cast by individuals whom the United States asserts may be non-citizens.

The letter also said federal grand jury subpoenas have been issued to Los Angeles County election workers, and that reports suggest the Justice Department has doubled down on pursuing criminal investigations of state and local election officials who did not comply with its demands, even after Judge David O. Carter, presiding over United States v. California, advised that any threats to state and county elected employees should cease immediately.

Newsom wrote that California's strict chain of custody, documentation and retention laws for ballots and ballot materials ensure any evidence of alleged wrongdoing is preserved and appropriately supervised by a court, so there is no legitimate law enforcement reason to seize ballots, ballot materials and the equipment needed to process and tabulate ballots; the only reason to do so, he wrote, would be to interfere in California's lawful counting of ballots and certification of results.

Newsom said he has grave concerns that federal agents will seek search warrants to seize ballots and ballot materials before the election results are certified. The enclosed resource is the UC Berkeley Edley Center on Law & Democracy's "Questions for Assessing A Search Warrant for Election Materials," published in September 2026, offered for magistrate judges and district judges who may consider warrant applications before California's election results are certified by December 11, 2026.

The dispute between California and the Justice Department over the list of voters alleged to be non-citizens has run for weeks: the department sued California, sought emergency relief to segregate the ballots at issue and warned election officials of potential liability, and a federal judge has since ordered the department to stop threatening election officials with prosecution.

Related: Follow-Up: Judge Orders Justice Department to Stop Threatening Election Officials Over Noncitizen Voter List

Related: Follow-Up: DOJ Warns California and LA County Officials They Could Face Federal Liability Over Disputed Mail Ballots

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：加州州长纽森在州长讲台前举行新闻发布会（资料图）。加州州长办公室摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Governor Gavin Newsom at a press conference at the Governor's podium (file photo). Office of the Governor of California, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

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