跟进：第九巡回法官质疑司法部加州选票隔离诉讼：称所求禁令与宪法《选举条款》相冲突

据路透社报道，美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院一个三人合议庭10月25日（周日）就司法部（DOJ）要求加州隔离数千张邮寄选票的诉讼举行口头辩论，合议庭中有两名法官对司法部律师提出尖锐质询；由总统特朗普任命的巡回法官 Mark Bennett 表示，这宗诉讼与美国宪法的《选举条款》（Elections Clause）难以调和。

司法部10月15日在洛杉矶联邦法院提起这宗诉讼，要求加州把政府名单上人员寄回的选票与其余选票分开，在核实投票人公民身份之前不予计入。司法部称，其分发的名单上约有2万人很可能是登记为选民的非公民，并警告加州选举官员：若拒绝协助识别疑似非公民，可能成为联邦审查的对象。司法部其后向第九巡回提交紧急动议要求加速审理；本站此前报道，司法部还曾向加州57个县发函，要求限期隔离相关选票。

周日的辩论罕见地安排在周末举行。Bennett 在庭上对司法部律师 Matthew Donnelly 说：「在我看来，你们是想让我们发出一道禁令，而它与加州立法机构依据《选举条款》制定的法律完全不一致。我们怎么能这样做？」《选举条款》赋予各州官员制定选举程序的权力。Donnelly 回应称，加州的做法干涉了禁止非公民投票的联邦刑事法律。Bennett 不接受这一说法，表示宪法并未授权司法部所请求的这种救济。

这宗诉讼是特朗普政府在11月3日期中选举前扩大联邦政府在选举中角色的高调行动之一；共和党正为保住国会两院的控制权而激战。第九巡回合议庭尚未就司法部的紧急动议作出裁决。

关联：

跟进：司法部向加州57县发函限48小时隔离疑似非公民选票：称明知计票或担刑责，多县选举官员反弹

Follow-Up: 9th Circuit Judges Question DOJ Lawsuit to Set Aside California Mail Ballots, Citing Elections Clause

A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Sunday appeared skeptical of a Justice Department lawsuit seeking to force California to set aside thousands of mail-in ballots, with two judges sharply questioning the department's lawyer during a rare weekend oral argument, Reuters reported. Circuit Judge Mark Bennett, a Trump appointee, said the lawsuit cannot be reconciled with the U.S. Constitution's Elections Clause, which gives state officials authority to set election processes.

The Justice Department filed the lawsuit on October 15 in federal court in Los Angeles. It asks California to separate any ballots received from people on the administration's list — some 20,000 people the department says are likely non-citizens registered to vote in the state — and not count them until it has verified that the voters are citizens. The department has warned California election officials that they could face federal scrutiny if they refuse to help identify suspected non-citizens, and it later filed an emergency motion asking the 9th Circuit to expedite the case. GSM previously reported that the department also wrote to California's 57 counties demanding that the ballots be set aside within a set deadline.

"It seems to me that you want us to issue an injunction that is entirely inconsistent with the law that the California legislature has adopted pursuant to the Elections Clause," Bennett told Justice Department attorney Matthew Donnelly. "How can we do that?" Donnelly responded that California's actions are interfering with a federal criminal statute that prohibits non-citizens from voting. Bennett rejected that argument, saying the Constitution does not authorize the relief the Justice Department is seeking.

The lawsuit is a high-profile effort by the Trump administration to expand the federal government's role in elections ahead of the November 3 midterms, in which Republicans are locked in a tight battle to retain control of both houses of Congress. The panel has not yet ruled on the emergency motion.

Related:

Follow-up: DOJ writes to 57 California counties demanding segregation of suspected non-citizen ballots within 48 hours

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：图：位于洛杉矶市中心第一街的美国联邦法院大楼（资料照片），司法部的选票隔离诉讼即在洛杉矶联邦法院提起。Daniel L. Lu 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布。/ The United States Courthouse on First Street in downtown Los Angeles (file photo), where the Justice Department filed its ballot-separation lawsuit. Photo by Daniel L. Lu, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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