特朗普致函国会：对伊朗敌对行动已终止，不需要国会批准

华盛顿——美国总统特朗普11月6日致函国会领导人，称美国对伊朗的战争已经终止，白宫不需要国会批准即可继续其在伊朗周边的军事存在；这封信赶在《战争权力法》规定的期限到来之前发出。

特朗普在信中写道，他于4月7日下令为期两周的停火，该停火此后已经延长；自4月7日以来，美军与伊朗之间没有再交火，「2月28日开始的敌对行动已经终止」。一名要求匿名说明政府立场的高级官员说，正是这一判断使政府认为无需再向国会寻求授权。

战争部长赫格塞思11月5日在参议院军事委员会作证时呼应了这一说法，称停火意味着《战争权力法》的60天计时「暂停或停止」。但这一解读遭到质疑：布伦南司法中心国家安全问题顾问凯瑟琳·永·埃布赖特（Katherine Yon Ebright）指出，该法的文本与制度设计都不允许把计时暂停。

按照《战争权力法》（1973年《战争权力决议》），总统在把美军投入敌对行动后若未经国会授权，须在60天期限前寻求批准或结束战斗，另可延长30天以便安全撤军。民主党人近来持续施压，要求政府就这场战争公开寻求授权，并把60天期限视为促使部分共和党人转向的节点。

就在这封信发出的前一天，参议院11月5日以48票对51票否决了一项战争权力决议，未要求特朗普终止对伊朗的军事行动。另据美联社报道，尽管停火已经延长，伊朗仍在封锁霍尔木兹海峡，美军海军也维持着封锁行动，双方交火虽停、军事对峙并未解除。特朗普当天还在佛罗里达州的讲话中再次宣称美国在对伊战争中获胜。（来源：美联社）

关联：

参议院48票对51票否决战争权力决议：不要求特朗普终止对伊朗军事行动

特朗普与国家安全团队商议伊朗问题：称将很快决定是否恢复全面战争

Trump Tells Congress Hostilities With Iran Have 'Terminated,' Arguing No Approval Is Needed

Washington — President Donald Trump on November 6 sent a letter to congressional leaders saying that the U.S. war with Iran has been 'terminated' and that the White House does not need congressional approval to maintain its military presence around Iran. The letter arrived just ahead of a deadline under the War Powers Act.

In the letter, Trump wrote that on April 7 he ordered a two-week ceasefire that has since been extended; that there has been no exchange of fire between U.S. forces and Iran since April 7; and that 'the hostilities that began on February 28 have terminated.' A senior administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity to explain the government's position, said it was that conclusion that made seeking congressional authorization unnecessary.

Secretary of War Pete Hegseth echoed the argument in testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee on November 5, saying the ceasefire means the War Powers Act's 60-day clock 'pauses or stops.' Legal critics dispute that reading: Katherine Yon Ebright, a counsel in the Brennan Center's liberty and national security program, said nothing in the text or design of the War Powers Resolution allows the clock to be paused.

Under the War Powers Act (the War Powers Resolution of 1973), a president who commits U.S. forces to hostilities without congressional authorization must seek approval or end the fighting before the 60-day deadline, with a further 30 days allowed for a safe withdrawal. Democrats have been pressing the administration to seek public authorization for the war, treating the 60-day deadline as a potential turning point for some Republicans.

The letter came one day after the Senate, on November 5, rejected a war powers resolution 48 to 51 that would have required Trump to end military action against Iran. The Associated Press also notes that although the ceasefire has been extended, Iran continues to block the Strait of Hormuz and the U.S. Navy maintains its blockade, so the military standoff continues even though the shooting has stopped. In a speech in Florida the same day, Trump again claimed victory in the war with Iran. (Source: Associated Press)

Related:

Senate Rejects War Powers Resolution 48-51 That Would Have Required Trump to End Military Action Against Iran

Trump Meets National Security Team on Iran: Says He Will Soon Decide Whether to Resume All-Out War

来源：美联社

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：特朗普与国家安全团队在白宫战情室开会（白宫官方照片，资料图）。公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: President Trump and his national security team meet in the Situation Room of the White House (official White House photo; file photo). Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story

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