伊朗国内拥核呼声升温：神职人员与议员公开要求造核武器、退出《不扩散核武器条约》

德黑兰——据《纽约时报》11月4日报道，自美国和以色列对伊朗开战以来，伊朗官员、议员与有影响力的神职人员中，公开呼吁本国研制核武器的声音急剧高涨。强硬派认为，拥有核武器可能是威慑未来军事打击的必要手段；这一原本处于边缘的主张，正进入伊朗的主流辩论。

在西部城市库赫达什特，上周主领周五礼拜的阿里·塞帕万德呼吁伊朗装备核武器，以有力地对抗美国；现场会众高呼核威慑是伊朗「不可剥夺的权利」。在德黑兰，周五礼拜领拜人穆罕默德·贾瓦德·哈吉·阿里·阿克巴里在布道中把改变国家核学说称为一项「全国性要求」。

议员层面的动作更具体。议员马哈茂德·纳巴维安写道，在付出了战争与制裁的代价之后，是时候退出《不扩散核武器条约》、改变国家的核学说了；另一名议员阿博尔法兹勒·阿布托拉比走得更远，直接呼吁研制原子弹。议会国家安全与外交政策委员会成员易卜拉欣·雷扎伊表示，议会已登记了10项退出该条约的提案。强硬派「坚定阵线」也在向议会施压，要求退约，理由是留在条约内并没能保护伊朗免受美国和以色列的打击。

伊朗已故最高领袖阿里·哈梅内伊生前曾发布宗教法令（fatwa），禁止研制与使用核武器，伊朗官员几十年来一直公开奉行这一法令。伊朗外长阿拉格齐今年3月曾表示，这类法令取决于发布它的法学家本人——这一表态被解读为法令并非不可变更。

不过，伊朗政府尚未正式宣布任何追逐核武器的决定。总统佩泽希齐扬仍否认德黑兰想要核武库。国家最高安全委员会秘书穆赫辛·雷扎伊在国家电视台表示，领导层正在讨论：如果再爆发一场战争，是否还要保留战前的核学说；他同时表示，目前还没有作出新决定。

这场辩论升温的时点，正值伊朗经卡塔尔向美国递交涉核提议、特朗普表示将很快决定是否恢复对伊朗的全面打击之际。伊朗长期坚称其核计划完全用于和平目的。（来源：纽约时报）

关联：

跟进：伊朗经卡塔尔向美国提交涉核提议：称须先满足七项要求才谈

特朗普与国家安全团队商议伊朗问题：称将很快决定是否恢复全面战争

Calls Grow Inside Iran to Build Nuclear Weapons: Clerics and Lawmakers Urge a Bomb and Withdrawal From the Non-Proliferation Treaty

Tehran — A growing chorus of Iranian officials, lawmakers and influential clerics is openly calling for the country to build nuclear weapons, The New York Times reported on November 4. The increasingly vocal movement has grown since the United States and Israel went to war with Iran, with hard-liners arguing that acquiring nuclear weapons may be necessary to deter future military attacks; a position once confined to the fringe is entering mainstream debate.

In the western city of Kuhdasht, Friday prayer leader Ali Sepahvand called last week for Iran to be equipped with nuclear weapons to confront the United States, as worshippers chanted that nuclear deterrence was Iran's inalienable right. In Tehran, Friday prayer leader Mohammad Javad Haj Ali Akbari used his sermon to describe changing the country's nuclear doctrine as a national demand.

Lawmakers have gone further. Mahmoud Nabavian wrote that after paying the price of war and sanctions, it was time to walk away from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and change the country's nuclear doctrine. Another lawmaker, Abolfazl Aboutorabi, called outright for developing an atomic bomb. Ebrahim Rezaei, a member of parliament's National Security and Foreign Policy Committee, said 10 proposals to withdraw from the treaty had been registered in parliament. The hard-line Paydari Front has pressed parliament to withdraw, arguing that membership failed to protect Iran from American and Israeli attacks.

For decades, Iranian officials publicly adhered to a fatwa — a religious edict — issued by the late Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei prohibiting the development and use of nuclear weapons. Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi conceded in March that a fatwa depends on the jurist who issues it, a remark read as leaving room for change.

Iran's government has not formally announced any decision to pursue nuclear weapons. President Masoud Pezeshkian still denies that Tehran wants an arsenal. Mohsen Rezaei, secretary of the Supreme National Security Council, said on state television that leaders were discussing whether to retain the prewar nuclear doctrine if another war breaks out, adding that no new decision has been made yet.

The debate is heating up as Iran sends Washington a nuclear proposal via Qatar and President Trump says he will soon decide whether to resume all-out strikes. Iran has long maintained that its nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes. (Source: The New York Times)

Related:

Follow-Up: Iran Sends Nuclear Proposal to the U.S. via Qatar, Tying Any Talks to Seven Demands

Trump Meets National Security Team on Iran: Says He Will Soon Decide Whether to Resume All-Out War

来源：纽约时报

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：从恰姆兰高速公路望向德黑兰米拉德塔（资料图）。照片：Milad Mosapoor，CC BY，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: View toward Milad Tower in Tehran from the Chamran Expressway (file photo). Photo by Milad Mosapoor, CC BY, via Wikimedia Commons.

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