特朗普暂停国别对等关税90天：中国税率升至125%

2025年4月9日，美国总统特朗普在华盛顿白宫签署第14266号行政令《修改对等关税税率以反映贸易伙伴的报复与对齐》。行政令决定暂停执行第14257号行政令附件一的国别对等关税90天，暂停期间附件一所列贸易伙伴一律改按10%的额外税率征收；中国不在暂停之列，其对等关税税率由84%升至125%。国别税率当天（4月9日）凌晨才刚生效，实际执行仅约一天即被暂停。

这一调整的直接背景是中美互相加码。4月8日签署的第14259号行政令已先行把中国货物的对等关税税率提高到84%；4月9日，中国国务院关税税则委员会宣布，对原产于美国的货物加征84%的关税，自4月10日凌晨0时01分起生效。第14266号行政令据第14257号行政令第4(b)条的报复加码授权，判定有必要再作回应，把对华税率进一步提高。

暂停安排见行政令第2条：自2025年4月10日美东夏令时凌晨0时01分起，第14257号行政令第3(a)条中国别税率段落的执行暂停至7月9日凌晨0时01分；暂停期间，附件一伙伴输美货物统一适用10%的额外从价税率，第14257号行政令原有的豁免安排继续有效。

对华加码见行政令第3条：美国《协调关税表》税目9903.01.63及相关注条中的税率由84%改为125%，适用日期由4月9日改为4月10日，即自4月10日起进入消费环节或从仓库提取进入消费的中国货物（含香港与澳门产品）按125%的额外税率征收。行政令第4条同时上调中国低值进口的最低限度关税：从价税率由90%升至120%，邮政渠道单件税额在5月2日至6月1日窗口由75美元升至100美元、6月1日起由150美元升至200美元。

行政令称，暂停的依据是第14257号行政令第4(c)条：自该令签署以来，75多个其他贸易伙伴已主动接触美国、着手处理贸易不对等与美方国家及经济安全关切，被视为朝着纠正不对等安排、与美国对齐迈出了重大步骤。特朗普当天在社交平台Truth Social发文称（按其表述），因这75多个国家已联系美国谈判且未采取报复，他授权『90天暂停』、期间对等关税降至10%，并称因中国对世界市场『缺乏尊重』，对华关税提至125%，两项均『立即生效』；行政令文本的法律生效时点则为4月10日凌晨0时01分，以进入消费环节的货物为准。行政令其后刊载于《联邦公报》第90卷第15625页。

关联：特朗普签署第14257号行政令加征对等关税：全球基准10%、中国34%（来源：白宫）

Trump Pauses Country-Specific Reciprocal Tariffs for 90 Days, Raises China Rate to 125%

On April 9, 2025, President Donald J. Trump signed Executive Order 14266, "Modifying Reciprocal Tariff Rates To Reflect Trading Partner Retaliation and Alignment," at the White House in Washington. The order suspended application of the country-specific reciprocal tariff rates set in Annex I to Executive Order 14257 for 90 days, substituting a flat additional rate of 10 percent for all Annex I trading partners during the suspension. China was excluded from the pause: its reciprocal tariff rate was raised from 84 percent to 125 percent. The country-specific rates had taken effect only that morning, April 9, and were in force for about a day before being suspended.

The immediate background was an escalating exchange between the United States and China. The executive order dated April 8, 2025 (Executive Order 14259) had already raised the reciprocal rate on Chinese goods to 84 percent. On April 9, the State Council Tariff Commission of China announced an 84 percent tariff on all goods imported into China originating from the United States, effective at 12:01 a.m. on April 10, 2025. Acting under the retaliation authority in section 4(b) of Executive Order 14257, Executive Order 14266 determined that a further increase on China was necessary and appropriate in response.

Under section 2 of the order, enforcement of the country-specific paragraph of section 3(a) of Executive Order 14257 is suspended effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 10, 2025, until 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on July 9, 2025. During that period, articles of Annex I trading partners are subject to an additional ad valorem rate of duty of 10 percent, subject to the exceptions in Executive Order 14257.

Under section 3, heading 9903.01.63 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States and the related note provisions were amended by deleting "84%" and inserting "125%" and by moving the applicable date from April 9 to April 10, 2025, so goods of China, including Hong Kong and Macau, entered for consumption on or after April 10 face the additional 125 percent rate. Section 4 also raised the duties on low-value imports from China: the ad valorem rate rose from 90 percent to 120 percent, the per-postal-item duty rose from $75 to $100 for the period beginning May 2, 2025 and before June 1, 2025, and from $150 to $200 on or after June 1, 2025.

The order states that the suspension rests on section 4(c) of Executive Order 14257: since that order was signed, more than 75 other foreign trading partners, including countries listed in Annex I, had approached the United States to address the lack of trade reciprocity and U.S. national and economic security concerns, a significant step toward remedying non-reciprocal arrangements. In a post on Truth Social the same day, Trump said, in his words, that because more than 75 countries had called U.S. representatives to negotiate and had not retaliated, he had authorized a "90 day PAUSE" with a substantially lowered reciprocal tariff of 10 percent during the period, and that, based on the lack of respect China had shown to the world's markets, he was raising the tariff charged to China to 125 percent, both described by him as effective immediately; the legal effective time in the text of the order is 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 10, 2025, for goods entered for consumption. The order was published in the Federal Register at 90 FR 15625.

Related: Trump Signs Executive Order 14257 Imposing Reciprocal Tariffs: 10% Baseline Worldwide, 34% on China (Source: The White House)

来源：白宫

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：2025年4月9日，特朗普在白宫椭圆办公室与财政部长贝森特、投资人查尔斯·施瓦布和商务部长卢特尼克合影（左起：贝森特、施瓦布、特朗普、卢特尼克）。图：白宫官方照片，公共领域，via Wikimedia Commons / Photo: President Donald Trump in the Oval Office on April 9, 2025, with Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, investor Charles Schwab and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. Photo: The White House, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

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