特朗普调整对加拿大与墨西哥关税：美墨加协定免税产品不再加征

2025年3月6日，美国总统特朗普在位于华盛顿特区的白宫签署第14231号与第14232号行政令，分别调整此前对加拿大与墨西哥产品加征关税的安排。两项行政令针对同一类问题作出平行处理，对符合条件的加拿大与墨西哥产品适用新的关税规则。

行政令在背景部分写明，汽车生产是美国就业与创新的重要来源，关乎美国的经济与国家安全。美国汽车业常把大量汽车零部件作跨境交易，以使供应链更靠近北美。正是在这一产业背景下，行政令认为，为尽量减少对美国汽车业与汽车工人的干扰，适宜对先前加征关税的安排作出调整。

被调整的是2025年2月1日签署的两项行政令。第14193号行政令对加拿大产品加征25%的附加关税，其中能源产品适用10%的税率；第14194号行政令对墨西哥产品加征25%的附加关税。3月6日签署的两项新令，正是对上述两项原令的部分条款作出修改。

新规的核心在第2节。凡按《美国协调关税表》总注释11、以《美墨加协定》货物身份免税进入美国的加拿大产品与墨西哥产品，不再适用上述附加税率。不属于这一类别的钾肥，附加税率由25%降至10%。此次调整以产品是否以美墨加协定货物身份免税进入为界，分别作出处理。

在生效时间上，修改对2025年3月7日凌晨12时01分（美东标准时间）起进入美国消费或自仓库提取消费的货物生效。两项行政令文本本身未写明这一安排的到期日，对这一处理何时结束没有在令内作出规定。

两项行政令援引的法律依据，包括《国际紧急经济权力法》、《国家紧急状态法》与1974年《贸易法》第604节等。

关联：特朗普签行政令对加拿大、墨西哥加征25%关税、对中国加征10%关税（来源：白宫）

Trump Adjusts Canada and Mexico Tariffs: USMCA Duty-Free Goods No Longer Subject to Added Rates

On March 6, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Orders 14231 and 14232 at the White House in Washington, D.C., adjusting the tariffs previously imposed on products of Canada and of Mexico, respectively. The two orders address the same kind of issue in parallel and apply new tariff rules to qualifying products of Canada and Mexico.

In their background sections, the orders state that automobile production is an important source of American jobs and innovation and bears on the economic and national security of the United States. The American automobile industry often trades large volumes of automobile parts across borders in order to keep its supply chain closer to North America. Against that industry background, the orders find that, in order to minimize disruption to the American automobile industry and autoworkers, it is appropriate to adjust the tariffs imposed earlier.

The orders being adjusted were signed on February 1, 2025. Executive Order 14193 imposed an additional 25 percent tariff on products of Canada, with energy products subject to a rate of 10 percent; Executive Order 14194 imposed an additional 25 percent tariff on products of Mexico. The two new orders signed on March 6 amend parts of those earlier orders.

The core of the new rules is in Section 2. Products of Canada and products of Mexico that enter the United States duty-free as goods under the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), pursuant to General Note 11 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States, are no longer subject to the additional rates described above. Potash that does not fall within that category has its additional rate reduced from 25 percent to 10 percent. The adjustment thus turns on whether a product enters duty-free as a USMCA good.

The amendments apply to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time on March 7, 2025. The texts of the two executive orders themselves do not state an expiration date for this arrangement, and set no end date for this treatment within the orders.

The legal authorities cited in the two orders include the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the National Emergencies Act, and section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, among others.

Related: Trump Signs Orders Imposing 25% Tariffs on Canada and Mexico, 10% on China (Source: The White House)

来源：白宫

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：连接美国密歇根州底特律与加拿大安大略省温莎的大使桥，货运卡车正驶上桥面；该桥是北美贸易量最大的国际陆路口岸（资料图）。（Ken Lund 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons） / Photo: A freight truck drives onto the Ambassador Bridge linking Detroit, Michigan, with Windsor, Ontario, Canada — the busiest international border crossing in North America by trade volume (file photo). (Ken Lund, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons)

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