特朗普签行政令对加拿大、墨西哥加征25%关税、对中国加征10%关税
美国总统特朗普2025年2月1日在华盛顿签署三项行政令，依据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA），对加拿大、墨西哥与中国输美商品加征新关税。白宫同日发布情况说明称，非法移民与包括芬太尼在内的毒品所构成的非常威胁，已构成该法下的国家紧急状态。
依行政令，自加拿大与墨西哥进口的商品将被加征25%的额外关税；加拿大的能源资源，包括原油与天然气等，税率较低，为10%。自中国进口的商品将被加征10%的额外关税。白宫表示，进入美国市场是一种特权，关税是保护国家利益的有力杠杆。
关税原定自2025年2月4日美东时间凌晨0时01分起，对进入消费环节的商品生效。2月1日前已装船或已在运输途中、并能提供相应证明的货物可获豁免。行政令同时规定，800美元以下小额货物的免税（de minimis）待遇暂停适用，相关货物同样须缴新关税，关税退税亦不适用于这批关税。
白宫在情况说明中表示，此举是要让墨西哥、加拿大与中国为其阻止非法移民、阻断芬太尼等有毒药物流入美国的承诺负责。情况说明指称，中国官员未能采取必要行动切断流向犯罪集团的前体化学品并打击跨国犯罪组织的洗钱活动；墨西哥毒品贩运组织与墨西哥政府之间存在联系；加拿大境内的芬太尼生产与国际分销足迹也在扩大。
特朗普在2024年11月即已预告，将签署文件对墨西哥与加拿大全部输美产品征收25%关税，直至毒品与非法移民问题得到解决。白宫称，贸易政策是国家安全的关键组成部分，此次行动是把美国人的安全与国家安全置于首位。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Orders Imposing 25% Tariffs on Canada and Mexico, 10% on China
President Donald J. Trump on February 1, 2025, signed three executive orders in Washington imposing new tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA). In a fact sheet issued the same day, the White House said the extraordinary threat posed by illegal aliens and drugs, including deadly fentanyl, constitutes a national emergency under the act.
Under the orders, imports from Canada and Mexico face an additional tariff of 25 percent. Energy resources from Canada, including crude oil and natural gas, face a lower rate of 10 percent. Imports from China face an additional tariff of 10 percent. The White House said access to the American market is a privilege and that tariffs are a powerful, proven source of leverage for protecting the national interest.
The tariffs were scheduled to take effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern time on February 4, 2025, for goods entered for consumption. Goods that had been loaded onto a vessel or were already in transit before February 1, with the required certification, were exempt. The orders also suspended duty-free de minimis treatment for shipments under $800, making such goods subject to the new duties, and duty drawback was not available for them.
In the fact sheet, the White House said the action holds Mexico, Canada, and China accountable to their promises of halting illegal immigration and stopping poisonous fentanyl and other drugs from flowing into the United States. It said Chinese officials had failed to take the actions necessary to stem the flow of precursor chemicals to criminal cartels and shut down money laundering by transnational criminal organizations; that Mexican drug trafficking organizations have an alliance with the government of Mexico; and that fentanyl production and international distribution networks in Canada are growing.
Trump had promised in November 2024 to sign documents charging Mexico and Canada a 25 percent tariff on all products coming into the United States until drugs and illegal immigration were stopped. The White House said trade policy is a critical component of national security and that the action puts Americans' safety and national security first.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（美国总统行政令）
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