沃伦料掌参议院银行委员会，美联储独立性获新屏障
民主党横扫中期选举，重新掌控参议院。路透社 11 月 4 日分析指出，这将强化美联储抵御特朗普总统干预的能力：参议院对人事任命的掌控，成为阻止特朗普继续向美联储安插亲信的主要屏障。
参议院银行委员会的新主席很可能由马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦出任。沃伦是美联储主席凯文·沃什的严厉批评者，将接替特朗普的盟友、南卡罗来纳州参议员蒂姆·斯科特。沃什今年 5 月以 54 比 45 票获确认出任美联储主席，仅获得一名民主党参议员的支持，任期至 2030 年。
分析指出，民主党以生活成本问题作为竞选主轴，有动力就通胀使命质询沃什；银行委员会也有充分空间调查沃什在升任美联储主席过程中处置数亿美元资产等事。货币政策分析机构的经济学家认为，选举结果提高了沃什任期结束时参议院仍由民主党掌控的概率。
不过路透社同时提醒，美联储独立性的风险并未消失：美联储的独立性一向部分取决于国会，参议院提供的制度支持会影响决策者在多大程度上按通胀与就业、而非政治压力来做决定。
Warren Poised to Lead Senate Banking Committee, Adding a Guardrail for Fed Independence
Democrats' sweeping midterm victory strengthens the Federal Reserve against President Donald Trump's efforts to meddle with it, Reuters reported on November 4, with the Senate's control over appointments a major guardrail against Trump landing any more allies at the central bank.
The Senate Banking Committee's new chair will likely be Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts, a harsh critic of Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh, replacing Trump ally Tim Scott of South Carolina. Warsh was confirmed as chair in May in a polarized 54 to 45 vote, with only one Democratic senator supporting him. His term ends in 2030.
Democrats, having campaigned heavily on cost-of-living issues, have incentive to push Warsh on the central bank's inflation mandate, and the Senate panel will have broad room to investigate issues such as Warsh's opaque disposition of hundreds of millions of dollars in assets as he ascended to the Fed's top job, economists from Monetary Policy Analytics wrote. The election result "increased the odds his term will end with Democratic control of the Senate."
Reuters also cautioned that independence risks remain: Fed independence "has always depended in part on Congress, and institutional support from the Senate can affect how much room policymakers have to make decisions based on inflation and employment rather than political pressures."
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：美联储总部大楼（GSM 固定图库）。The Federal Reserve headquarters. (GSM asset library)
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
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