南非发布联合执政稳定指引：138个市镇无单一党多数，劳工调解机构30年争议和解率达76%

南非政府新闻署（SAnews）11月12日上午版汇总了南非政府多项动态：合作治理与传统事务部长 Velenkosini Hlabisa 发布《地方政府稳定联合执政指引》，帮助11月4日地方选举后无单一党派取得多数的市镇组建联合政府；财政部总干事 Duncan Pieterse 在 Cape Town 向投资者说明「Vulindlela 行动」结构改革进展；司法准入国际会议在西北省 Sun City 举行；劳工调解仲裁委员会（CCMA）迎来成立30周年，2025/26财年争议和解率达76%。

Hlabisa 说，11月4日地方选举确认联合执政已成为南非地方治理的显著特征：约138个大都会与地方市镇、占市镇议会总数约65%，没有任何单一政党取得过半席位，这些市镇需要靠联合执政、少数派政府或其他合作治理安排运转。

新指引为政治合作、联合协议的订立、适用法律要求、争议解决以及保障市政行政连续性提供实务指导，鼓励联合伙伴签订书面协议，写明共同政策优先事项、政治责任分配、决策程序、行为标准与争议解决机制，并附有一份联合协议模板供各党按本市镇情况参考。

指引同时强调，政治治理与专业市政行政之间必须保持清晰界限：行政任命、采购与招标决定必须留给法律授权的决策者，联合协议不得干预。Hlabisa 说：「联合执政是我们民主制度的合法特征。但经验表明，长期的政治不稳、市政领导频繁更替与决策拖延会削弱市政机构、扰乱行政，最终损害服务交付，受苦最深的是依赖市镇基本服务的居民。」

时间表上，指引提醒：按现行法律框架，大都会与地方市镇议会首次会议必须在公布当选议员名单的政府公报刊发后14天内召开，联合谈判不暂停、也不延长这一法定期限；各省负责地方政府事务的行政议会成员须把指引分发到各市镇、支持落实并监督合规。

经济改革方面，总干事 Duncan Pieterse 周三在 Cape Town 的 Old Mutual Investment Group「Tomorrow」投资峰会上说，政府今年通过「Vulindlela 行动」作出多项标志性决定，将终结百年垄断、向竞争与私人投资开放市场。「Vulindlela 行动」是总统府与财政部的联合交付机制，旨在加速高影响结构改革、推动南非经济复苏。

Pieterse 说，2022年取消发电许可要求后，私人可再生能源发电投资大增、新产能大量并网，也帮助结束了电力危机；如今瓶颈转到国家电网本身，电网扩容与现代化需要1000亿兰特以上的投资，其中大部分须来自私人投资者。下一步是把已设立的南非国家输电公司建成完全独立的国有输电系统运营商，持有并控制输电资产、向所有发电方提供开放、无歧视的电网接入。

同类开放也在其他网络行业推进：内阁近日批准把港务局从国家运输集团 Transnet 分拆的做法；货运铁路已向私人运营商开放，首批私人列车已上线测试；签证方面，电子旅行授权系统已于8月正式上线；水利方面，修订后的水价策略已就位、新的原水使用费已获批准，国家水资源基础设施局的组建也在推进；数字公共基础设施方面，内政部已发布数字身份证原型。

司法方面，司法准入国际会议11月11日至13日在西北省 Sun City 会议中心举行，司法与宪法发展部长 Mmamoloko Kubayi 主持，总统 Cyril Ramaphosa 在会上致辞。会议适逢南非纪念宪法通过30周年。Kubayi 说：「司法不应是少数人的特权，它必须是所有人与生俱来的权利。」她表示，过去三十年，政府通过废除种族隔离时代的法律、调整治安法庭辖区让法院更贴近社区、设立家暴、性犯罪与土地索赔专门法院，努力弥合宪法承诺与日常现实之间的差距，南非法律援助局与社区咨询办公室的一线支持进一步扩大了贫困公民获得司法帮助的渠道。

Kubayi 同时提醒，电子立案、超级智能（SI）等数字技术虽能缓解法院积压，但若不解决网络连接与数字素养的不平等，技术可能把旧障碍换成新障碍，「我们的原则应当是：用技术缩小司法鸿沟，而不是把鸿沟数字化」。

劳工方面，就业与劳工副部长 Jomo Sibiya 周三在茨瓦内（Tshwane）举行的 CCMA 成立30周年纪念会议上说，CCMA 三十年来争议和解率始终保持在70%以上，2025/26财年达到76%，约四分之三的争议靠当事方自己达成的协议了结、而非强加的结果。CCMA 于1996年11月依1995年《劳资关系法》设立，三十年累计受理转介超过400万件，首年受理62927件、如今约为首年的三倍；办事处从10处增至25处，今年7月还上线了免费在线劳工咨询工具与 WhatsApp 聊天机器人。Sibiya 还介绍了拟议中的劳动法修正：把按运营需要解雇的法定遣散费从每满一年一周薪酬提高到两周，并为按需、零工时等合同雇员引入保障，相关提案仍须经咨询与议会审议。

豪登省简讯方面，豪登省交通监察局11月1日至8日与道路交通管理公司等机构在全省高风险公共交通走廊开展拦检行动：查获57辆无牌照圆牌的小巴出租车、63名无有效驾照的司机，21辆因制动、轮胎、灯光等缺陷被勒令停用，另有16辆被扣押，全省共开出727张手写交通违规通知。

关联：南非选委会正式宣布2026年地方选举自由公正：一投票站因选票被毁须重投

（来源：南非政府新闻署）

South Africa Issues Stable-Coalition Guidelines as 138 Municipalities Lack a Majority; CCMA Marks 30 Years With a 76% Settlement Rate

The South African Government News Agency (SAnews) summarised a round of government developments in its November 12 morning edition: Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Minister Velenkosini Hlabisa issued the Guidelines for Stable Coalitions in Local Government to help municipalities form coalition governments after the November 4 local elections left many councils without a single-party majority; National Treasury Director-General Duncan Pieterse briefed investors in Cape Town on progress under the Operation Vulindlela structural reforms; the International Conference on Access to Justice got under way at Sun City in the North West; and the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) marked 30 years with a dispute settlement rate of 76% in the 2025/26 financial year.

Hlabisa said the November 4 local government elections confirmed coalition governance as a significant feature of South Africa's local government landscape: approximately 138 metropolitan and local municipalities, representing about 65% of councils, produced no outright majority for a single political party, and will require coalition arrangements, minority governments or other forms of cooperative governance.

The guidelines provide practical guidance on political collaboration, the development of coalition agreements, applicable legislative requirements, dispute resolution and measures to safeguard continuity in municipal administration. They encourage coalition partners to enter into written agreements setting out shared policy priorities, the allocation of political responsibilities, decision-making processes, standards of conduct and mechanisms for resolving disputes, and include a template coalition agreement.

The guidelines also stress a clear distinction between political governance and professional municipal administration: administrative appointments, procurement and tender awards must remain with legally authorised decision-makers, and coalition agreements must not interfere with them. "Coalition governance is a legitimate feature of our democratic system. However, our experience has shown that prolonged political instability, frequent changes in municipal leadership and delays in decision-making can weaken municipal institutions, disrupt administration, and ultimately compromise service delivery. The people who suffer most from such instability are the residents who depend on municipalities for essential services," Hlabisa said.

On timing, the guidelines note that under the current legislative framework the first meeting of metropolitan and local municipal councils must be convened within 14 days after publication of the Government Gazette notice naming the elected councillors, and that coalition negotiations do not suspend or extend those timeframes. Provincial Members of Executive Councils responsible for local government are to distribute the guidelines to all municipalities, support implementation and monitor compliance.

On economic reform, Director-General Duncan Pieterse told the Old Mutual Investment Group "Tomorrow" Investment Summit in Cape Town on Wednesday that government has taken landmark decisions this year through Operation Vulindlela that will end century-old monopolies and open markets to competition and private investment. Operation Vulindlela is a joint delivery initiative of the Presidency and the National Treasury designed to accelerate high-impact structural reforms and drive economic recovery.

Pieterse said lifting the licensing requirement in 2022 opened the market to new private renewable energy generators, prompted a surge of investment and helped end the electricity crisis, but the constraint is now the national grid itself, which needs more than R100 billion of investment to expand and modernise, most of it from private investors. The next step is to establish the National Transmission Company of South Africa, already created as an Eskom subsidiary, as a fully independent, state-owned Transmission System Operator that owns and controls the transmission assets and provides open, non-discriminatory access to the grid.

Similar opening is under way elsewhere: Cabinet recently approved the approach to unbundling the ports authority from Transnet; freight rail has been opened to private operators and the first privately owned trains have started testing the lines; the Electronic Travel Authorisation visa system was officially launched in August; in water, the revised pricing strategy is in place, new raw water use charges have been approved and work is progressing on the National Water Resources Infrastructure Agency; and Home Affairs has unveiled a digital ID prototype.

On justice, the International Conference on Access to Justice runs from November 11 to 13 at the Sun City Convention Centre in the North West, hosted by Justice and Constitutional Development Minister Mmamoloko Kubayi, with President Cyril Ramaphosa addressing the conference. It coincides with South Africa's commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the Constitution. "Justice must never be the privilege of the few. It must be the birthright of all," Kubayi said. Over three decades, she noted, government has dismantled apartheid-era laws, rationalised magisterial boundaries to bring courts closer to communities and established specialised courts for domestic violence, sexual offences and land claims, while Legal Aid South Africa and Community Advice Offices expanded frontline support for indigent citizens.

Kubayi cautioned that digital tools such as electronic filing and super intelligence (SI) can ease court backlogs, but that unequal connectivity and digital literacy must be addressed so technology closes the justice gap rather than digitising it.

On labour, Employment and Labour Deputy Minister Jomo Sibiya told the CCMA's 30th Anniversary Commemorative Conference in Tshwane on Wednesday that the commission has maintained a dispute settlement rate above 70% throughout its 30 years, reaching 76% in 2025/26, with about three in four disputes concluded through agreements the parties reached themselves. Established in November 1996 under the Labour Relations Act of 1995, the CCMA has recorded more than four million referrals over three decades, growing from 62,927 referrals in its first year to roughly three times that number annually, and from 10 offices to 25, with a free online labour advice tool and a WhatsApp chatbot launched in July 2026. Sibiya also outlined proposed labour law amendments, including raising statutory severance pay for dismissals on operational grounds from one to two weeks' remuneration per completed year of service and new protections for on-call and zero-hours workers, proposals that remain subject to consultation and parliamentary consideration.

In Gauteng, the provincial Transport Inspectorate, working with the Road Traffic Management Corporation and other agencies, ran stop-and-search operations on high-risk public transport corridors from November 1 to 8: officers netted 57 minibus taxis operating without licence discs and 63 drivers without valid driving licences, discontinued 21 unroadworthy minibus taxis, impounded a further 16 vehicles and issued 727 handwritten traffic infringement notices across the province.

Related: IEC Declares South Africa's 2026 Local Elections Free and Fair; One Voting Station Ordered to Revote After Ballots Destroyed

(Source: South African Government News Agency)

来源：南非政府新闻署

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：南非合作治理与传统事务部长 Velenkosini Hlabisa 在记者会上发言。照片：南非政府新闻署（SAnews）供图，该署明示媒体可免费使用其图片并注明出处。 / Photo: South African Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Minister Velenkosini Hlabisa at a media briefing. Photo: SAnews, which states media may use its pictures at no cost provided SAnews is credited.

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