停摆第42天：众议院今晚表决重开政府拨款法案

华盛顿 — 联邦政府停摆11月11日进入第42天，为美国历史上最长的一次。参议院已通过重开政府的拨款法案，众议院定于11日晚间（美东时间）举行全院表决；截至发稿时表决尚未举行。法案若在众议院获得通过，将送交总统特朗普签署，联邦政府可望随之重开。

参议院10日深夜以60比40通过拨款法案（H.R. 5371），其中7名民主党参议员与1名与民主党结盟的无党籍参议员加入共和党阵营，凑足推进法案所需的60票。此前，参议院曾14次进行程序表决，均未能推进拨款法案。众议院规则委员会经过连夜审议，已放行该法案，交全院表决。

众议院自9月19日以来一直休会，11日复会是近八周来首次开会。众议院议长 Mike Johnson 此前已向议员发出36小时返岗通知。据美联社报道，Johnson 表示共和党人对表决结果「非常乐观」，并称「我们漫长的全国噩梦终于要结束了，我们心怀感激」。众议院少数党领袖 Hakeem Jeffries 则表示，民主党人不会支持未延长医保税收抵免的法案。

法案内容分三部分：其一是临时拨款，大多数联邦机构按现行水平获得拨款至1月30日，以便两院继续商定全年开支；其二是三部全年拨款法案，涵盖农业（包括农业部与食品药品监管局 FDA）、军事建设与退伍军人事务、立法部门，拨款覆盖整个财政年度；其三是为停摆期间的联邦雇员补发工资，并撤销停摆期间发出的裁员决定。法案没有延长将于12月底到期的《平价医疗法案》强化税收抵免；参议院多数党领袖 John Thune 已承诺，参议院将在12月中旬之前就抵免延期单独举行表决。

停摆自10月1日开始，数十万联邦雇员被迫休假或无薪上班，食品援助发放延误，航班大面积取消与延误。11日是退伍军人节。退伍军人事务部（VA）发布的停摆应变指引显示，约97%的 VA 雇员在停摆期间继续上班：VA 医疗中心、门诊诊所与退伍军人中心照常开放，伤残赔偿、养老金、教育与住房等福利继续处理发放，国家公墓继续安葬并开放参观，退伍军人危机热线全天24小时开通；但职业咨询与过渡援助暂停，《退伍军人法案》（GI Bill）咨询热线与地区福利办公室关闭，国家公墓的永久墓碑安置与场地维护暂停。

特朗普已公开表示支持该法案。众议院今晚表决的结果，将决定这场创纪录的停摆能否在第42天落幕。

关联：

参议院60比40通过拨款方案 41天联邦停摆将结束 众议院周三表决

六十票过关，政府还没有开门：最长停摆协议成交了什么，又把什么推给了 12 月

（来源：美国国会）

资料引用：美联社、美国退伍军人事务部

Shutdown Day 42: House to Vote Tonight on Funding Bill to Reopen the Government

WASHINGTON — The federal government shutdown entered its 42nd day on November 11, the longest in U.S. history. The Senate has passed a funding bill to reopen the government, and the House of Representatives is scheduled to hold a floor vote on the evening of November 11 (ET); the vote had not yet taken place at the time of publication. If the House passes the bill, it will go to President Donald Trump for his signature, and the federal government could then reopen.

The Senate passed the funding bill (H.R. 5371) late on November 10 by a vote of 60-40, with seven Democrats and one independent who caucuses with the Democrats joining Republicans to reach the 60 votes needed to advance the measure. The Senate had previously failed to advance a funding bill in 14 procedural votes. The House Rules Committee advanced the bill after an overnight session, sending it to the full House.

The House has been out of session since September 19 and returns on November 11 for its first session in nearly eight weeks. Speaker Mike Johnson had given members 36 hours' notice to return to Washington. According to Associated Press reporting, Johnson said Republicans were "very optimistic" about the outcome, adding, "Our long national nightmare is finally coming to an end, and we're grateful for that." House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries said Democrats would not support legislation that fails to extend the health care tax credits.

The package has three parts. First, a stopgap measure funds most federal agencies at current levels through January 30 while the two chambers negotiate full-year spending. Second, three full-year appropriations bills cover agriculture (including the Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration, FDA), military construction and veterans affairs, and the legislative branch, funded through the end of the fiscal year. Third, the bill provides back pay for federal employees for the shutdown period and reverses the layoffs issued during the shutdown. The bill does not extend the enhanced Affordable Care Act tax credits set to expire at the end of December; Senate Majority Leader John Thune has promised the Senate will hold a separate vote on extending the credits by mid-December.

The shutdown began on October 1. Hundreds of thousands of federal employees have been furloughed or working without pay, food assistance payments have been delayed, and flights have been widely canceled or delayed. November 11 is Veterans Day. Guidance issued by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) on shutdown operations estimates that about 97 percent of VA employees continue to work during the shutdown: VA medical centers, outpatient clinics and Vet Centers remain open; compensation, pension, education and housing benefits continue to be processed and delivered; burials continue at national cemeteries, which remain open to visitors; and the Veterans Crisis Line operates around the clock. However, career counseling and transition assistance are suspended, the GI Bill hotline and regional benefits offices are closed, and permanent headstone placement and grounds maintenance at national cemeteries are paused.

Trump has publicly endorsed the bill. Tonight's House vote will decide whether the record-setting shutdown ends on its 42nd day.

Related:

Senate Passes Funding Deal 60-40 to End 41-Day Shutdown; House to Vote Wednesday

Sixty Votes and the Government Is Still Closed: What the Deal on the Longest Shutdown Settled, and What It Pushed to December

(Source: U.S. Congress)

Reference: The Associated Press; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

来源：美国国会

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：美国国会大厦西立面（资料图，Noclip 摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons，本站固定图库）。 / Photo: The west front of the U.S. Capitol (file photo by Noclip, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons; GSM fixed image library).

GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story

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