纽森签行政令推进「Zone 0」防火区：最高危险区建筑周边5英尺须防余烬

2025年2月6日，加利福尼亚州州长 Gavin Newsom 在位于加州萨克拉门托县萨克拉门托市的州长办公室签署行政令，进一步加强社区硬化与野火缓解措施，为未来可能出现的城市火灾风暴做准备。行政令推出多项举措，核心是加快「Zone 0」防火规章，并更新全州火灾危险地图。

行政令责成州林业委员会加快采纳被称为「Zone 0」的规章：在州内火灾危险最严重的区域，建筑物周围5英尺内须设置防余烬区。州长办公室说，科学研究显示，建筑紧邻5英尺范围内的可燃物，是余烬直接或间接引燃住宅的最大风险来源。规章将适用于地方责任区的极高火灾危险区与州责任区的火灾危险严重程度区，涵盖新建建筑与现有建筑；其中现有住宅的要求预计在三年内分阶段实施，以便屋主有时间准备、排定缓解措施的优先顺序并取得财政援助，州长在1月预算中已提出相关屋主援助方案。

行政令同时要求州消防局长办公室发布更新的地方责任区火灾危险严重程度区地图。州长办公室说，新地图将把约140万英亩新土地划入两个较高的火灾危险等级，其中高危险级约新增116万英亩，极高危险级约新增24.7万英亩；连同既有区域，地方责任区内建筑规划、设计与施工须计入野火硬化要求的土地近230万英亩。新开发项目在这些区域须执行最严格的野火韧性建筑规范与土地利用规划要求。地图将分区分批发布，从北加州开始；每批地图发布后，地方政府有120天时间采纳地方条例，把州消防局长的建议纳入本地规则。

行政令还要求加州林业与消防局（CAL FIRE）与州长紧急服务办公室（Cal OES）同地方、联邦与部落伙伴合作，改进野火应对中的联邦资源调配系统。州长办公室说，这次发布的地方责任区地图，是在去年州责任区同类更新地图发布之后作出的，州政府此前已同保险业者等进行数月规划讨论。

在投入方面，州长办公室说，加州已把野火预防与景观韧性投入提高一倍以上，自2020年以来为野火韧性提供逾25亿美元，2024年通过的气候债券还将从今年起再投入15亿美元，用于保护社区免受野火侵害、促进自然景观健康的主动项目。州政府对 CAL FIRE 运营的投入达20亿美元，自2018年以来增加47%；CAL FIRE 人员同期从5,829人增至10,741人，州政府现正缩短州消防员的工作周以保障其福祉，并计划在未来五年再增加2,400名州消防员。

Newsom 在行政令发布时说：「我们正生活在一个极端事件频发的新现实中。要相信科学，也要相信你亲眼所见：大自然正在改变我们的生活方式，我们必须持续适应这些变化。加州的韧性意味着，我们会继续在最易发生火灾的地区更新我们的标准。」

关联：洛杉矶 Pacific Palisades 山火烧毁逾6800座建筑、12人死亡

关联：Altadena 伊顿山火烧毁逾9400座建筑、17人死亡

（来源：加州州长办公室）

Newsom Signs Executive Order Advancing 'Zone 0': Ember-Resistant Zone Required Within 5 Feet in Highest-Risk Areas

On February 6, 2025, California Governor Gavin Newsom, at the Governor's Office in Sacramento, Sacramento County, California, signed an executive order to further improve community hardening and wildfire mitigation strategies statewide, preparing for future urban firestorms. The order launches several initiatives, centered on accelerating regulations known as "Zone 0" and on releasing updated fire hazard maps.

The order directs the State Board of Forestry to accelerate its work to adopt the "Zone 0" regulations, which will require an ember-resistant zone within 5 feet of structures located in the highest fire severity zones in the state. The Governor's Office said science has shown that combustible material within the immediate five feet of a structure contributes the greatest risk of embers directly or indirectly igniting the home. The regulations, under development for new and existing construction, would apply in Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones in Local Responsibility Areas and in Fire Hazard Severity Zones in State Responsibility Areas. While the regulations would apply to new construction upon taking effect, requirements for existing homes would likely be phased in over three years to allow homeowners to prepare, prioritize mitigations and secure financial assistance, alongside financial assistance proposed in the Governor's January budget.

The order also tasks the Office of the State Fire Marshal with releasing updated Fire Hazard Severity Zone maps for areas under local government responsibility. The Governor's Office said the new maps would add approximately 1.4 million new acres of land into the two higher tiers of fire severity, expanding the High tier by approximately 1.16 million new acres and the Very High tier by approximately 247,000 new acres. In total, local planners and developers will have to factor wildfire-hardening requirements into building planning, design and construction within nearly 2.3 million acres of Local Responsibility Areas. The maps are expected to be released one region at a time, beginning in Northern California, and their release would begin a 120-day clock for local government jurisdictions to adopt local ordinances incorporating the State Fire Marshal's recommendations.

The order further requires the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) and the Governor's Office of Emergency Services (Cal OES) to work with local, federal and tribal partners on improvements to the federal resource ordering system for wildfire response. The Governor's Office said the Local Responsibility Area release follows last year's release of equivalent updated zones and maps in State Responsibility Areas, and follows months of planning discussions, including consultation with insurance providers.

On investment, the Governor's Office said the state has more than doubled investments in wildfire prevention and landscape resilience, providing more than $2.5 billion in wildfire resilience since 2020, with an additional $1.5 billion from the 2024 Climate Bond to be committed beginning this year for proactive projects that protect communities from wildfire and promote healthy natural landscapes. The Newsom Administration has invested $2 billion to support CAL FIRE operations, a 47 percent increase since 2018, which has helped build CAL FIRE from 5,829 positions to 10,741 in that same period, and the Administration is now implementing shorter workweeks for state firefighters while adding 2,400 additional state firefighters to CAL FIRE's ranks over the next five years.

"We are living in a new reality of extremes. Believe the science - and your own damn eyes: Mother Nature is changing the way we live and we must continue adapting to those changes," Newsom said. "California's resilience means we will keep updating our standards in the most fire-prone areas."

Related: 洛杉矶 Pacific Palisades 山火烧毁逾6800座建筑、12人死亡

Related: Altadena 伊顿山火烧毁逾9400座建筑、17人死亡

(Source: Office of the Governor of California)

来源：加州州长办公室

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：GSM 行政令统一模板（加州州长行政令）

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