FBI警示中期选举诈骗瞄准普通选民：假捐款、假政治行动委员会与假选民登记页窃取个人信息
联邦调查局（FBI）通过其互联网犯罪投诉中心（IC3）发布公告（编号PSA261015-3），警告公众：诈骗者可能利用2026年美国中期选举实施多种金融诈骗，手法包括冒用候选人的姓名、形象、标志与口号诈取捐款、售卖永不发货的竞选商品、窃取个人身份信息，并利用超级智能工具生成高度逼真的语音、图像与文字，冒充候选人、竞选团队、政府机构或受害者信任的联系人。该公告是FBI 2024年同类警示的更新版。FBI本周已就针对选举与竞选官员的钓鱼与深度伪造攻击另行发布联合公告，本公告针对的则是普通选民。
公告列出四类主要手法。其一是「竞选投资池」骗局：诈骗者承诺将受害者的捐款投入所谓「候选人资金池」，待候选人胜选后返还高额回报，并诱使受害者继续拉人入局。FBI明确指出，竞选捐款不是投资，不会增值，也不会返还。其二是假冒政治行动委员会（ScamPAC）：诈骗者冒充合法的PAC或超级PAC收款，之后私吞款项。其三是网购不发货骗局：以假冒的竞选周边商品网店收款后不发货。其四是选民登记骗局：通过短信或电子邮件谎称收信人尚未登记为选民，诱导其点击假冒的州选民登记页面，从而窃取个人身份信息。
FBI在公告中列出的核查途径包括：对主动打来的电话、发来的短信、电子邮件与问卷保持警惕，不向陌生人提供个人身份信息、不点击来历不明的链接；在联邦选举委员会官网核查政治行动委员会、政党与候选人委员会的登记情况与财务申报；购买竞选商品前在商业改进局网站（BBB.org）查询商家评价；在vote.gov核查本人的选民登记状态。FBI表示，遭遇选举相关诈骗，可向当地FBI办公室或通过IC3网站（ic3.gov）举报。
这份警示发布之际，距11月3日中期选举投票日不到三周，全美多州的提前投票已经或即将陆续开始。FBI在另一份与网络安全和基础设施安全局（CISA）的联合公告中说，针对选举与竞选官员的攻击者会冒充供应商与同僚发送钓鱼邮件，并使用短信钓鱼与SI深度伪造冒充等手法窃取登录凭据与敏感信息。
关联：美国选举制度（四）：中期选举：2026年11月3日改选什么
关联：特拉华州选举专员办公室因可疑邮件事件临时迁址 FBI接手调查
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FBI Warns Midterm Election Scams Target Ordinary Voters: Fake Donations, Scam PACs and Phony Voter-Registration Pages
The Federal Bureau of Investigation, through its Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), has issued a public service announcement (PSA261015-3) warning that scammers could exploit the 2026 U.S. midterm elections to perpetrate multiple financial fraud schemes. The schemes include using candidates' names, likenesses, logos and slogans to solicit fraudulent donations, selling campaign merchandise that is never shipped, stealing personally identifiable information, and using super intelligence tools to create highly realistic voice, image and text content impersonating candidates, campaign teams, government agencies and trusted contacts. The announcement updates a similar FBI warning issued in 2024. In a separate joint announcement this week, the FBI warned of phishing and deepfake attacks aimed at election and campaign officials; this announcement is aimed at ordinary voters.
The announcement lists four main schemes. The first is a campaign investment pool fraud, in which scammers promise to invest a victim's donation in a purported candidate fund pool and return large profits if the candidate wins, while inducing victims to recruit others. The FBI states plainly that campaign contributions are not investments, do not appreciate and are not returned. The second is the scam PAC, in which fraudsters pose as legitimate political action committees or super PACs, collect money and pocket it. The third is a non-delivery scam involving fake online stores selling campaign merchandise. The fourth is a voter-registration scheme, in which text messages or emails falsely claim the recipient is not registered to vote and lure them to fake state voter-registration pages that harvest personal information.
According to the announcement, the FBI advises the public to be wary of unsolicited calls, texts, emails and surveys, not to provide personal information to strangers or click unknown links, to verify PAC, party and candidate committee registrations and financial filings on the Federal Election Commission's website, to check merchant reviews at BBB.org before buying campaign merchandise, and to confirm their voter registration status at vote.gov. Election-related fraud can be reported to a local FBI field office or through IC3 at ic3.gov, the bureau said.
The warning comes less than three weeks before the November 3 midterm elections, as early voting is beginning in states across the country. In its separate joint announcement with the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the FBI said attackers targeting election and campaign officials impersonate vendors and colleagues in phishing emails and use smishing and SI deepfake impersonation to steal login credentials and sensitive information.
Related: America's Electoral System (4): The Midterms: What Is on the Ballot on November 3, 2026
Related: Delaware Election Office Relocated After Suspicious Mail Incident; FBI Investigating
Related: Viral Claim That Poll-Worker Marks Void Ballots Is False, Election Officials in Multiple States Say
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿特区的联邦调查局总部胡佛大楼正门（资料图）。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，Tony Webster 摄，CC BY 2.0 授权 / Photo: The main entrance of the J. Edgar Hoover Building, FBI headquarters in Washington, D.C. (file photo). Source: Wikimedia Commons, by Tony Webster, CC BY 2.0.
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