司法部索要犹他州完整选民名册被驳回：联邦法官 David Barlow 裁定全州名册不属《民权法案》可调取记录
犹他州 Salt Lake City——美国犹他州地区联邦地方法院法官 David Barlow 10月23日（周五）在一份备忘录裁决中驳回司法部（DOJ）的强制调取请求，并以不得再诉（with prejudice）方式驳回司法部索要犹他州完整选民名册的诉讼。Barlow 裁定，犹他州全州选民登记名册不属于 1960 年《民权法案》第三编所称「进入选举官员持有范围」的记录，司法部无权据此强制该州交出未经删减的名册。本案案号为 2:26-cv-00166（United States v. Henderson）。
司法部要求犹他州副州长 Deidre Henderson 交出全州完整的选民登记数据库，其中包括选民的完整出生日期、驾驶执照号码或社会安全号码后四位。Henderson 是共和党人，以副州长身份兼任该州首席选举官员。她此前已向司法部提供可公开取得的选民名册版本，但以州隐私法为由拒绝交出受保护的信息。司法部称，其索取记录是为了评估犹他州是否遵守联邦选民登记法律；今年 2 月，Henderson 拒绝签署司法部提出的数据使用协议后，司法部对她提起诉讼。今年 9 月，司法部又通知 Henderson，她正因联邦选举法合规问题接受调查；Henderson 指责司法部无端骚扰选举官员，司法部则称相关保全函件属诉讼常规做法。
Barlow 在裁决中写道，犹他州的全州名册由 Henderson 的办公室自行汇编、开发与维护，并非从外部「进入」其持有范围。他引用第六巡回上诉法院的表述写道：「一个普通的英语使用者，不会说一个人『获得』了由她自己创立、建立并维护的东西。」他同时写道，法院「没有理由把对法律目的的含糊援引，置于国会实际选用的文字之上」。裁决指出，《民权法案》第三编当年是在选民登记中种族歧视普遍的背景下制定，目的在于打击压制选民投票的行为。Barlow 批准了 Henderson 以及全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）与犹他州妇女选民联盟提出的驳回动议，并认定即使允许司法部修改诉状也属徒劳。裁决没有认定犹他州存在选民欺诈行为，也没有处理该州另行提出的隐私法争议。
Henderson 在裁决后发表声明说：「我们感谢 Barlow 法官驳回司法部的诉讼，该诉讼试图迫使我们披露每一位犹他州选民的私人数据。」她表示：「本办公室将继续维护法治，保障犹他州人民自由、公正、安全选举的基本权利。」据 KSL 报道，司法部未立即回应置评请求，也尚未表示是否上诉。
这是司法部在全美索取各州未经删减选民名册行动中遭遇的又一次败诉。据 Brennan 司法中心统计，司法部已起诉 30 个州及华盛顿特区，在犹他州裁决之前，已有 26 起案件被法院驳回，其中包括针对加利福尼亚州、亚利桑那州、密歇根州、俄勒冈州与华盛顿州的案件；据 Democracy Docket 统计，犹他州一案是司法部在该系列诉讼中的第 27 次败诉。Barlow 于 2019 年由特朗普总统提名出任联邦法官。裁决作出前一天，司法部刚通知 Henderson，将为 11 月中期选举向犹他州派遣联邦选举观察员。
关联：联邦法官撤销司法部全国选民名册清查行动：恐剥夺合格公民选举权
来源：GSM·美国
Judge Dismisses DOJ Suit for Utah's Full Voter Rolls: Trump-Appointed Judge Rules Statewide List Falls Outside Civil Rights Act
Salt Lake City, Utah — U.S. District Judge David Barlow on Friday, October 23, denied the Justice Department's motion to compel and dismissed with prejudice its lawsuit seeking Utah's complete voter registration database, ruling in a memorandum decision that the state's statewide voter list is not a record that "comes into" an election official's possession under Title III of the Civil Rights Act of 1960. The case is United States v. Henderson, No. 2:26-cv-00166, in the District of Utah.
The department sought the full, unredacted statewide voter file from Lt. Gov. Deidre Henderson, a Republican who serves as Utah's chief election officer, including voters' full dates of birth, driver's license numbers and the last four digits of their Social Security numbers. Henderson had provided the publicly available version of the file but withheld protected information, citing state privacy law. The department said it needed the records to assess Utah's compliance with federal voter registration laws. It sued in February after Henderson declined to sign a proposed data-sharing agreement, and in September it notified her that she was under investigation over election-law compliance. Henderson accused the department of baselessly harassing election officials; the department said its preservation letters were standard litigation practice.
Barlow wrote that Utah's statewide list is developed, managed and maintained by Henderson's office itself rather than received from elsewhere. "An ordinary English speaker would not say that she has come into possession of something that she created, established, and maintained," he wrote, adopting reasoning the Sixth Circuit used in rejecting a similar suit over Michigan's rolls. Courts have "no warrant to elevate vague invocations of statutory purpose over the words Congress chose," he added, noting that Title III was enacted amid widespread racial discrimination in voter registration to combat voter suppression. He granted the dismissal motions filed by Henderson, the NAACP and the League of Women Voters of Utah and found that allowing the department to amend its complaint would be futile. The ruling made no finding that voter fraud occurred in Utah and did not decide the state's separate privacy-law arguments.
"We appreciate Judge Barlow's ruling dismissing the Department of Justice's lawsuit that sought to force us to disclose the private data of every Utah voter," Henderson said in a statement. "Our office will continue to uphold the rule of law and safeguard the fundamental right to free, fair, and secure elections for the people of Utah." The Justice Department did not immediately respond to KSL's request for comment and has not said whether it will appeal, KSL reported.
The decision adds to a string of defeats for the department's nationwide push for unredacted state voter rolls. According to the Brennan Center for Justice, the department has sued 30 states and Washington, D.C., and courts had dismissed 26 of those cases before Friday's Utah ruling, including suits against California, Arizona, Michigan, Oregon and Washington; Democracy Docket counts the Utah decision as the department's 27th consecutive loss in the series. Barlow was nominated to the federal bench by President Donald Trump in 2019. The ruling came a day after the department told Henderson it would send federal election monitors to Utah for the November midterms.
Related: Judge rejects DOJ suit for Georgia's unredacted voter data
Related: Federal judge halts DOJ's national voter-roll purge effort
Related: DOJ to send federal election monitors to Utah
Source: GSM · USA
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于 Salt Lake City 的犹他州议会大厦（资料图）。Farragutful 摄，CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The Utah State Capitol in Salt Lake City (file photo). Photo by Farragutful, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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