联邦法官撤销司法部全国选民名册清查行动：恐剥夺合格公民选举权
据联邦法院公开裁决书及媒体报道，联邦法官周五叫停了司法部在全国范围内调取各州选民名册、并与联邦移民数据库比对的大规模行动。这是特朗普政府试图让联邦介入选举管理以来遭遇的最重大的司法挫折。
华盛顿特区联邦地区法院法官斯帕克尔·苏克南（Sparkle Sooknanan）在一份78页的意见书中，依据《行政程序法》撤销了司法部的选民名单维护政策。她裁定，司法部援引的三部法律——1960年《民权法》《全国选民登记法》和《帮助美国投票法》——均未授权这种全国性行动，并指责司法部践踏了「为保护美国人民权利而精心制定的长期民权法律」。
这场行动源于行政指令：要求司法部长追究拒绝交出完整选民记录的州。司法部随后向49个州和华盛顿特区索要未经涂黑的完整档案，包括出生日期、住址、驾照号码和部分社保号码，并用 SAVE 移民数据库比对，要求各州删除其认定的不合格选民。
苏克南指出，司法部淡化了 SAVE 数据库把合格美国公民误判为非公民的风险，写道该政策「已将美国公民从其所在州的选民名册上除名，并可能剥夺更多人的选举权」。她还驳回了司法部「选民名册上的人可被视为选民欺诈调查对象」的隐私论点，称这种解释「荒谬」。裁决立即在全国范围内叫停该计划，并禁止司法部把选民记录转交国土安全部，或用联邦执法数据库比对各州名册。
这起由「共同事业」（Common Cause）组织和注册选民提起的诉讼还指出，至少25家联邦地区法院已驳回了司法部另案提起的选民名册执法案。另案中，苏克南还曾阻止政府用扩大版 SAVE 数据库核查选民名册准确性——最高法院已暂时搁置该裁定。司法部预计将上诉。
Federal Judge Vacates DOJ's Nationwide Voter-Roll Dragnet, Citing Risk of Disenfranchising U.S. Citizens
A federal judge on Friday struck down the Justice Department's nationwide campaign to seize state voter rolls and run them against a federal immigration database, delivering the most consequential judicial defeat yet to the Trump administration's effort to insert the federal government into election administration.
U.S. District Judge Sparkle Sooknanan of the District of Columbia, in a 78-page opinion, vacated the department's voter-list maintenance policy under the Administrative Procedure Act. She ruled that none of the laws the DOJ invoked — the Civil Rights Act of 1960, the National Voter Registration Act, or the Help America Vote Act — authorized the nationwide regime, and she accused the department of running "roughshod" over longstanding civil rights laws carefully crafted to protect Americans' rights.
The challenged operation began with executive directives ordering the attorney general to pursue states that refused to surrender complete voter records. The department demanded unredacted files from 49 states and Washington, D.C. — including dates of birth, home addresses, driver's license numbers, and partial Social Security numbers — and checked them against the SAVE immigration database to demand that states remove voters it deemed ineligible.
Sooknanan found the department had downplayed the risk that SAVE could misidentify eligible U.S. citizens as noncitizens, writing that the policy "has removed United States citizens from the voter rolls in their home states and risks disenfranchising many more." She also sharply rejected the DOJ's argument that people on voter rolls could be treated as "subjects" of voter-fraud investigations, calling that interpretation "nonsensical." The ruling immediately halts the program nationwide and bars the department from transferring voter records to the Department of Homeland Security or running state rolls against federal enforcement databases.
The decision, brought by Common Cause and registered voters, notes that at least 25 federal district courts had already dismissed the department's separate voter-roll enforcement cases. In a separate case, Sooknanan had also blocked the administration from using an expanded version of the SAVE database to check voter roll accuracy — a decision the Supreme Court has temporarily paused. The department is expected to appeal.
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿特区的 E. Barrett Prettyman 联邦法院大楼（本案由哥伦比亚特区联邦地区法院审理）。摄影：Toohool，CC BY-SA 4.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons
