财政部「经济弃儿」行动制裁伊朗影子银行网络 金融犯罪执法局警示宗教慈善捐款通道

华盛顿——美国财政部10月15日宣布，在「经济弃儿」（Operation Economic Outcast）行动下，对伊朗的国际金融网络与影子银行架构实施新一轮制裁；财政部下属金融犯罪执法局（FinCEN）同日发布警示，提醒金融机构留意伊朗政权滥用宗教慈善网络转移资金的手法。

财政部外国资产控制办公室（OFAC）依据第13902号行政命令，制裁了一批为伊朗提供离岸银行、空壳公司与外汇兑换通道的行为体，包括被指为伊朗提供美元通道的伊拉克国际发展银行（International Development Bank for Investment and Finance）、两家伊朗离岸银行贾济雷国际银行（Jazireh International Bank Company）与恰巴哈尔国际银行海外公司（Chabahar International Bank Overseas Company），以及石油中间人赛义德·鲁霍拉·拉扎维（Sayyed Ruhollah Razavi）及其公司、多名外汇操作人员与兑换行。财政部称，相关网络经中东与亚洲多地（包括香港、阿联酋与土耳其）转移了数亿美元资金。

FinCEN的警示指出，伊朗方面可能滥用宗教捐献（khums）等慈善渠道，经哈瓦拉（hawala）、现金递送等非正式方式转移资金，并列出多项风险信号，包括慈善组织收到大额来源不明捐款后迅速对外转账、组织本身并不提供慈善服务等，要求金融机构按规报告可疑活动。

财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）表示，财政部将借助金融机构的报告协助执法，切断伊朗政权及其金融协助者的资金渠道。按制裁规定，被制裁方在美资产将被冻结，美国人原则上禁止与之交易；外国金融机构若与被制裁方进行重大交易，亦可能面临二级制裁。同日，国务院宣布制裁为伊朗银行提供服务的古巴国有银行BICSA，本站已作报道。

Treasury's Operation Economic Outcast Sanctions Iran's Shadow Banking Networks; FinCEN Warns on Religious Charity Channels

Washington — The Treasury Department announced on October 15 a new round of sanctions under Operation Economic Outcast targeting Iran's international financial networks and shadow banking architecture, while its Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued an advisory warning financial institutions about the Iranian regime's abuse of religious charity networks to move funds.

Acting under Executive Order 13902, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated a set of actors providing offshore banking, shell company and foreign-exchange channels for Iran, including Iraq's International Development Bank for Investment and Finance, which Treasury said provided Iran with access to U.S. dollars; two Iranian offshore banks, Jazireh International Bank Company and Chabahar International Bank Overseas Company; oil intermediary Sayyed Ruhollah Razavi and his companies; and multiple foreign-exchange operators and exchange houses. Treasury said the networks moved hundreds of millions of dollars through locations across the Middle East and Asia, including Hong Kong, the United Arab Emirates and Türkiye.

FinCEN's advisory said Iran may abuse religious donations such as khums and other charitable channels, moving funds through informal methods including hawala and cash couriers, and listed red flags such as charities receiving large donations from unknown sources and quickly transferring them abroad, or charities that provide no charitable services, urging institutions to report suspicious activity.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said the department will use financial institutions' reporting to help law enforcement cut off funding channels for the Iranian regime and its facilitators. Under the sanctions, designees' U.S. assets are blocked and U.S. persons are generally prohibited from dealing with them; foreign financial institutions that conduct significant transactions with them risk secondary sanctions. The same day, the State Department sanctioned Cuba's state-owned BICSA bank for servicing an Iranian bank, as reported earlier by GSM.

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：位于华盛顿特区的美国财政部大楼（资料图）。图片来源：Wikimedia Commons，Rchuon24 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0 授权 / Photo: The U.S. Treasury Building in Washington, D.C. (file photo). Source: Wikimedia Commons, by Rchuon24, CC BY-SA 3.0.

GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story

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