财政部「经济弃儿行动」再出手：FinCEN同日发布两份警示 盯伊朗影子银行与宗教慈善资金网络

华盛顿——美国财政部10月15日表示，在打击制裁规避的「经济弃儿行动」（Operation Economic Outcast）框架下，旗下金融犯罪执法网络（FinCEN）同日发布两份警示，提醒金融机构识别并报告与伊朗非法金融活动相关的可疑交易。财政部长斯科特·贝森特（Scott Bessent）在相关声明中表示，财政部将继续拆解伊朗及其他对手规避制裁、转移非法资金所依赖的金融基础设施。

第一份警示针对伊朗的国际金融网络与「影子银行」架构。财政部称，伊朗方面长期依托一套体系转移资金，包括以正常贸易面目运作的前台公司、货币兑换行、非正式汇款系统「哈瓦拉」（hawala），以及虚拟货币渠道等；警示列出多项红旗指标，提示金融机构在客户尽职调查与交易监测中重点筛查经第三国中转、文件与货物流不一致等异常模式。

第二份警示针对伊朗政权对宗教慈善网络的滥用。财政部称，部分宗教慈善安排被用于为伊朗转移资金，其中包括信徒缴纳的「胡姆斯」（khums，一种什一性质的宗教税款）款项，经哈瓦拉与现金递送等方式回流伊朗；金融机构应警惕以慈善为名、实际服务于伊朗官方目的的资金安排。

两份警示本身不新增制裁名单，性质是向金融机构发出的合规警示。「经济弃儿行动」此前已多次出手：财政部10月1日曾制裁与俄罗斯相关、被伊朗使用的 A7 影子银行网络，本月8日又制裁伊朗石油「影子船队」网络。

（来源：美国财政部）

Treasury's Operation Economic Outcast: FinCEN Issues Twin Alerts on Iran's Shadow Banking and Religious Charity Networks

WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of the Treasury said on October 15 that, as part of Operation Economic Outcast, its Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued two alerts on the same day to help financial institutions detect and report suspicious activity tied to Iranian illicit finance. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said in accompanying statements that Treasury will continue dismantling the financial infrastructure that allows Iran and other adversaries to evade sanctions and move illicit funds.

The first alert targets Iran's international financial networks and 'shadow banking' architecture. Treasury says Iran relies on a system that includes front companies operating under the appearance of ordinary trade, money exchange houses, the informal hawala remittance system, and virtual currency channels. The alert sets out red flags for customer due diligence and transaction monitoring, including third-country routing and documentation inconsistent with the underlying goods.

The second alert addresses the Iranian regime's abuse of religious charity networks. Treasury says some religious charity arrangements have been used to move funds for Iran, including khums — a religious tax paid by believers — routed back to Iran through hawala and cash couriers, and warns institutions to watch for charitable structures that in practice serve Iranian state purposes.

The two alerts do not themselves add new sanctions designations; they are compliance advisories to financial institutions. Operation Economic Outcast has struck repeatedly in recent weeks: on October 1, Treasury sanctioned the Russia-linked A7 shadow banking network used by Iran, and on October 8 it sanctioned an Iranian oil 'shadow fleet' network.

(Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury releases, October 15)

来源：美国财政部

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：美国财政部大楼（华盛顿）。摄影：Tony Webster，CC BY-SA 3.0，来源：Wikimedia Commons。The U.S. Treasury Building in Washington. Photo by Tony Webster, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story

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