最高法院批准暂缓令，德州新国会地图可用于2026年中期选举
美国联邦最高法院12月4日在华盛顿批准德克萨斯州的暂缓执行申请（案号25A608，Abbott 诉拉美裔公民联盟案），暂停执行联邦地区法院11月18日作出的命令，该命令原本禁止德州在2026年选举中使用新绘制的国会选区地图。新地图由此可以用于2026年中期选举。
最高法院在命令中表示，根据初步评估，德州符合获得临时救济的传统标准：德州很可能在实体问题上胜诉，因为地区法院至少犯了两项严重错误，一是没有遵循立法善意推定，把含糊的直接与间接证据作不利于立法机关的解读，二是没有对未能提交可行替代地图的挑战者作出决定性或接近决定性的不利推定。命令还说，德州充分显示了不可弥补的损害，且衡平与公共利益都对其有利，下级联邦法院原则上不应在选举临近时改动选举规则，地区法院介入正在进行中的初选竞选，造成混乱并扰动了选举领域联邦与州之间的微妙平衡。
大法官 Samuel Alito 在协同意见中写道，推动德州采用新地图的动因纯粹是党派利益，这一点无可争议，加州随后采用其新地图也是如此；挑战者负有把种族与政治区分开来的举证责任，却未能提交一张同样能实现该州党派目标的替代地图，由此产生强烈推论：该州地图依据的是党派而非种族。Kagan 大法官在异议意见中写道，地区法院经过9天听证、近二十位证人作证与数千份证据后认定，德州主要按种族划分其公民以绘制有利于共和党的新地图，违反宪法第十四与第十五修正案，最高法院却凭假日周末翻阅的书面记录推翻这一判断，既不尊重地区法院的工作，也损害了被认定按种族划入新选区的数百万名德州居民。
德州是本轮多州选区重划中第一个行动的州，加州随后通过第50号提案作出回应，北卡罗来纳州也已跟进。暂缓令将持续至德州及时向最高法院提交上诉之后、最高法院对上诉作出处理为止；若上诉被驳回或原判被维持，暂缓令自动终止。
关联：加州第50号提案以约64%通过，新国会选区地图2026年启用
关联：印第安纳州参议院以31比19否决重划国会地图，21名共和党议员倒戈
Supreme Court Grants Stay, Allowing Texas to Use New Congressional Map in the 2026 Midterms
The U.S. Supreme Court on December 4 granted Texas's application for a stay in Abbott v. League of United Latin American Citizens, No. 25A608, in Washington, pausing a federal district court's November 18 order that had barred Texas from using its newly drawn congressional map in the 2026 elections. The new map may therefore be used in the 2026 midterm elections.
In its order, the Court said that, based on a preliminary evaluation, Texas satisfied the traditional criteria for interim relief: Texas was likely to succeed on the merits because the district court had committed at least two serious errors, first by failing to honor the presumption of legislative good faith when it construed ambiguous direct and circumstantial evidence against the legislature, and second by failing to draw a dispositive or near-dispositive adverse inference against challengers who had not produced a viable alternative map. Texas had also made a strong showing of irreparable harm, the Court said, and the equities and public interest favored it, because lower federal courts should ordinarily not alter election rules on the eve of an election and the district court had improperly inserted itself into an active primary campaign, causing confusion and upsetting the delicate federal-state balance in elections.
Justice Samuel Alito, in a concurrence, wrote that the impetus for the Texas map, like the map subsequently adopted in California, was partisan advantage pure and simple, which was indisputable, and that although challengers bore the burden of disentangling race and politics, they had produced no alternative map serving the state's partisan aims, giving rise to a strong inference that the map was indeed based on partisanship, not race. Justice Kagan, in dissent, wrote that the district court, after a nine-day hearing with nearly two dozen witnesses and thousands of exhibits, had found that Texas largely divided its citizens along racial lines to create its new pro-Republican map in violation of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, and that the Supreme Court's reversal on a cold paper record over a holiday weekend disrespected the district court's work and disserved the millions of Texans found to have been assigned to their new districts based on their race.
Texas adopted the first new map in this round of mid-decade redistricting, California responded with Proposition 50, and North Carolina followed suit. The stay remains in effect pending the Supreme Court's action on a timely filed appeal; if the appeal is dismissed or the judgment affirmed, the stay terminates automatically.
Related: Indiana Senate Rejects Congressional Redistricting 31 to 19, With 21 Republicans Voting No
来源：美国最高法院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于美国华盛顿的美国最高法院大楼。Joe Ravi 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons（联邦固定图库标准图）。 / Photo: The Supreme Court building in Washington. Photo by Joe Ravi, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (federal fixed-library image).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
- 2025-12-04 21:25最高法院批准暂缓令，德州新国会地图可用于2026年中期选举本篇
- 2025-12-11 21:25印第安纳州参议院以31比19否决重划国会地图，21名共和党议员倒戈
