第九巡回法院批准暂缓令 特朗普暂保加州国民警卫队指挥权

2025年6月19日，位于加州旧金山的联邦第九巡回上诉法院签发命令，批准联邦政府的暂缓申请，在上诉审理期间暂停执行地区法院的临时限制令，特朗普政府暂时保住对加州国民警卫队的指挥权。命令由法官 Mark J. Bennett、Eric D. Miller 与 Jennifer Sung 组成的合议庭以法庭一致意见（per curiam）作出，长38页，案号 25-3727；受到影响的部队正在加州洛杉矶县 Los Angeles 执勤。

合议庭说，联邦政府已经作出有力证明，显示其很可能在上诉中胜诉。合议庭不同意联邦政府提出的主要主张，即总统依据《美国法典》第10编第12406条联邦接管国民警卫队的决定完全不受司法审查；但合议庭认为，按照该法前身法律的长期先例，法院对此类决定的审查必须高度尊重总统的判断。

在这一标准下，合议庭认定，总统很可能合法行使了第12406条第3项授予的权力，该项规定，总统在「无法以常规部队执行美国法律」时可以联邦接管国民警卫队。合议庭还认定，国防部长把接管令转交给加州国民警卫队副官长，很可能满足了命令须「经由州长」发出的程序要求，因为加州法律授权副官长「以州长名义发布一切命令」。合议庭并表示，即使程序上确有瑕疵，也不足以支持地区法院临时限制令给予的那样宽的救济。

合议庭据此认定，与法律主张相连的宪法第十修正案主张也随之得到解决；其余暂缓考量因素，包括联邦政府可能遭受的不可弥补损害、对加州的影响与公共利益，也都有利于联邦政府。合议庭已于6月17日听取双方口头辩论；早在6月12日地区法院签发临时限制令当晚，上诉法院就已先行签发行政暂缓令。

这道命令只是上诉期间的临时安排，不是对案件实体的最终裁决，案件的上诉审理仍将继续。在暂缓令有效期间，被联邦接管的4,000名加州国民警卫队士兵继续留在 Los Angeles，执行保护联邦人员与联邦财产的任务。

关联：联邦法官裁定特朗普接管加州国民警卫队违法 命交还州长指挥

关联：加州起诉特朗普与国防部长 挑战国民警卫队联邦接管令

（来源：美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院）

Ninth Circuit Grants Stay, Letting Trump Retain Command of California Guard Pending Appeal

On June 19, 2025, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in San Francisco granted the federal government's motion and stayed the district court's temporary restraining order pending appeal, leaving the Trump administration in command of the California National Guard for the time being. The 38-page per curiam order, in Case No. 25-3727, was issued by a panel of Judges Mark J. Bennett, Eric D. Miller, and Jennifer Sung; the troops affected were serving in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.

The panel said the government had made the required strong showing that it is likely to succeed on the merits of its appeal. It rejected the government's primary argument that the President's decision to federalize the Guard under 10 U.S.C. § 12406 is completely insulated from judicial review, but held that, under longstanding precedent interpreting the statute's predecessor, judicial review of such a decision must be highly deferential to the President.

Affording that deference, the panel concluded that the President likely lawfully exercised his authority under § 12406(3), which authorizes federalization when "the President is unable with the regular forces to execute the laws of the United States." It also concluded that the Secretary of Defense's transmittal of the order to the Adjutant General of the California National Guard likely satisfied the statute's requirement that federalization orders be issued "through" the Governor, because California law authorizes the Adjutant General to "issue all orders in the name of the Governor." Even if there had been a procedural violation, the panel said, it would not justify the scope of relief in the district court's order.

The panel held that this conclusion also resolved California's Tenth Amendment claim, and that the remaining stay factors, including irreparable harm to the government, injury to California, and the public interest, weighed in the government's favor. The panel had heard oral argument on June 17; it had already issued an administrative stay on the night of June 12, hours after the district court granted the restraining order.

The order is an interim measure for the duration of the appeal, not a final judgment on the merits, and the appeal will continue. While the stay remains in effect, the 4,000 federalized California National Guard members remain in Los Angeles, protecting federal personnel and federal property.

Related: Federal Judge Rules Trump Takeover of California Guard Illegal, Orders Control Returned to Governor

Related: California Sues Trump and Hegseth Challenging National Guard Federalization Order

(Source: U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit)

来源：美国联邦第九巡回上诉法院

发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）

图片来源：图：位于 San Francisco 的 James R. Browning 美国上诉法院大楼，联邦第九巡回上诉法院所在地。CC BY-SA 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The James R. Browning U.S. Court of Appeals Building in San Francisco, home of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

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