跟进：西班牙14年来首次全国总罢工开始 工会称港口与汽车业早班参与率达90%
西班牙11月11日开始举行24小时全国总罢工，这是该国14年来首次得到两大工会工人委员会（CCOO）与工人总联盟（UGT）联合支持的总罢工。罢工自当日零时开始，诉求是解决住房危机、提高工资并应对生活成本上涨，租客工会联合会与其他工会组织也参与号召。
工会方面称，罢工最初数小时的参与率在港口与汽车制造业达到90%，大众汽车在 Navarra 的工厂与 SEAT 在 Barcelona 的工厂全线停产；肉类加工为85%、垃圾清运为82%、能源为75%，医疗与社会服务为38%、邮政为35%。上述数字为工会口径。
首都 Madrid 的 Mercamadrid 批发市场外约1,000名纠察人员集聚，气氛一度紧张。CCOO 马德里分支称，警方对纠察人员使用了胡椒喷雾，1人被捕、13人需要医疗处理；警方发言人证实了逮捕情况，并称胡椒喷雾被用于驱散 Carabanchel 区另一处纠察点。Catalonia 地区通往 Mercabarna 的道路被封堵，Barcelona 周边多条道路交通受阻。
这场罢工源于数周来的抗议：一名87岁老人 Maricarmen 在 Madrid 被驱逐，其后死亡，抗议者在 Puerta del Sol 扎营，国会随后否决了政府旨在遏制驱逐与租金压力的住房法令。据西班牙银行估计，该国住房缺口约750,000套，预计到2028年超过100万套；西班牙青年委员会的数字显示，平均月租金为1,176欧元，约相当于一名年轻人平均月薪的98.7%。
各城市定于当日下午举行游行，Madrid 的主要游行定于18时从 Atocha 出发。名为 Charles 与 Bruna 的两场风暴给多地带来恶劣天气，气象局 AEMET 已对14个自治区发布强风、巨浪与暴雨预警。交通方面，铁路机车司机已在11月10日罢工一天，要求加大维修与安全投入。
这场罢工距11月29日提前举行的大选不到三周，正式竞选期将于11月13日开始。（来源：路透社）
关联：西班牙11月11日举行全国总罢工 美国大使馆提醒在西美国公民：交通只剩最低服务
关联：西班牙 Renfe 机车司机11月10日全天罢工：12日另有三段停工，加泰罗尼亚最低服务高峰66%
Follow-Up: Spain's First General Strike in 14 Years Under Way; Unions Say Early Turnout Reached 90% in Ports and Auto Plants
Spain began a 24-hour nationwide general strike on November 11, the country's first general strike jointly backed by its two largest unions, the CCOO and the UGT, in 14 years. The stoppage began at midnight, with demands centred on the housing crisis, higher wages and the rising cost of living; the confederation of tenants' unions and other labour organisations also backed the call.
The unions said participation in the first hours reached 90% in ports and car manufacturing, with Volkswagen's plant in Navarra and SEAT's plant in Barcelona fully stopped; they put turnout at 85% in meat processing, 82% in waste collection, 75% in energy, 38% in health and social services and 35% in postal services. The figures are the unions' own.
Around 1,000 pickets gathered outside the Mercamadrid wholesale market in Madrid, where tensions flared. The CCOO's Madrid branch said police used pepper spray on pickets, that one person was detained and that 13 needed medical attention; a police spokesperson confirmed the detention and said pepper spray had been used to disperse another picket in the Carabanchel district. In Catalonia, access roads to the Mercabarna market were blocked and traffic was disrupted on several roads around Barcelona.
The strike follows weeks of protests sparked by the eviction of an 87-year-old woman, Maricarmen, in Madrid and her subsequent death: protesters camped in Puerta del Sol, and parliament then rejected government housing decrees aimed at curbing evictions and rent pressure. The Bank of Spain estimates a housing shortfall of about 750,000 homes, expected to exceed one million by 2028; figures from Spain's Youth Council put average monthly rent at 1,176 euros, roughly 98.7% of a young person's average monthly salary.
Marches were planned across the country for the afternoon, with Madrid's main demonstration set to leave Atocha at 6 p.m. Two storms, named Charles and Bruna, brought severe weather, and the AEMET weather agency issued warnings for strong winds, heavy seas and intense rain in 14 autonomous communities. Train drivers had already struck for a day on November 10, demanding more investment in maintenance and safety.
The strike comes less than three weeks before a snap general election on November 29, with official campaigning due to begin on November 13. (Source: Reuters)
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：西班牙首都 Madrid 的 Puerta del Sol 广场（资料图），本次总罢工的抗议者此前曾在此扎营。照片：Tomás Fano 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Puerta del Sol square in Madrid, Spain (file photo), where protesters camped ahead of the general strike. Photo by Tomás Fano, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
