北约酝酿二十多年来最大军改：优先应对俄罗斯，拟削减海外任务兵力要求
据 Politico 报道，北约32个成员国已经开始谈判联盟的下一轮能力目标，酝酿至少二十多年来最大规模的军事规划调整：优先为与俄罗斯在欧洲发生大规模战争做准备，不再要求成员国同时备足兵力去执行伊拉克、阿富汗一类的多场海外危机管理任务。
据四名看过草案的北约外交官透露，正在讨论的《政治指导》草案拟把长期要求中的一个「与」字改成「或」字：成员国需要准备的，要么是一场欧洲大规模冲突，要么是几场较小的海外危机行动，而不是两者同时。能力目标决定各成员国要提供哪些部队与武器、由谁付费；《政治指导》预计在明年2月谈定，新的能力要求将在2029年批准。谈判目前仍处早期阶段。
北约前助理秘书长 Camille Grand 说，这一方案反映出一个非常明确的共识：无论发生什么，欧洲的重大事态都会压倒北约的其他优先事项。美国、北欧与东翼国家主张优先防御俄罗斯，部分南欧成员国则希望北约在海外危机应对中保留重要作用。有高级北约官员强调，现有在科索沃与伊拉克的任务不会自动改变，这也不是要放弃危机应对能力。
这一调整的背景还包括美国向欧洲盟国施压、要求其承担更多本国防御责任。五角大楼预计下个月发布其欧洲驻军审查结果，可能涉及撤走部分驻军。
（来源：Politico）
NATO Weighs Biggest Military Planning Overhaul in Two Decades: Prioritize Russia, Scale Back Overseas Missions
NATO's 32 member countries have begun negotiating the alliance's next capability targets in what Politico described as the biggest overhaul of NATO military planning in at least two decades: prioritizing preparations for a major war with Russia in Europe over providing spare troops for overseas crisis-management missions such as Iraq and Afghanistan.
According to four NATO diplomats briefed on a draft planning document known as the Political Guidance, allies are considering dropping a longstanding requirement to provide enough forces for both a major European conflict and several smaller overseas operations at the same time. The draft replaces that "and" with an "or": forces for one scenario or the other. The Political Guidance is expected to be agreed by February, with new capability requirements approved by 2029. The talks remain at a very early stage.
Camille Grand, a former NATO assistant secretary-general for defense investment, said the proposal reflected "a very clear understanding that no matter what, for NATO, a major contingency in Europe will overtake any other priorities or events." The United States, northern European countries and eastern-flank states favor prioritizing defense against Russia, while some southern European members want NATO to retain a substantial overseas crisis role. A senior NATO official stressed that existing missions in Kosovo and Iraq would not automatically change and that the alliance was not abandoning crisis response.
The debate comes as Washington presses European allies to take greater responsibility for defending NATO territory. The Pentagon is set to unveil a review of its presence in Europe next month, which could involve withdrawing some troops.
(Source: Politico)
来源：Politico
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于比利时布鲁塞尔的北约总部大楼。照片：CC0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: NATO headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. CC0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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