特朗普签署野火扑救总统决定 豁免联邦灭火作业《清洁水法》要求 为期一年
白宫11月10日发布总统决定（Presidential Determination），特朗普总统签署文件，豁免联邦野火扑救作业遵守《清洁水法》第313条（美国法典第33卷第1323条）相关要求，豁免期为2026年11月10日至2027年11月10日，为期一年。豁免涵盖包括空中喷洒阻燃剂在内的联邦灭火作业。
白宫在配套情况说明中表示，这一决定源于围绕林务局使用阻燃剂的诉讼：在「林务局环境伦理员工诉美国林务局」一案（编号 CV-22-168-M-DLC，蒙大拿联邦地区法院）中，法院程序使联邦灭火作业面临合规不确定性。行政当局认为，在野火季保障快速扑救、保护社区与消防员安全，不应因许可程序受阻。
根据决定文本，农业部长须将该豁免在《联邦公报》上公布。豁免只针对《清洁水法》第313条项下的联邦设施合规要求，不改变各州自身的扑火作业规则，也不免除其他环境法律项下的义务。
野火已成为美国西部多州每年面对的重大灾害，联邦林务局是野外火灾扑救的主力。白宫同日发布的说明称，本届政府正通过增加采伐、燃料处理与快速反应投入降低野火风险，此次豁免意在确保2027年野火季前灭火工具不受诉讼程序掣肘。（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Presidential Determination Exempting Federal Wildfire Suppression From Clean Water Act Requirements for One Year
The White House on November 10 released a Presidential Determination signed by President Trump exempting federal wildfire suppression activities from requirements under section 313 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1323), for one year from November 10, 2026 to November 10, 2027. The exemption covers federal firefighting operations including the aerial application of fire retardant.
In an accompanying fact sheet, the White House said the determination responds to litigation over the Forest Service's use of retardant: in Forest Service Employees for Environmental Ethics v. U.S. Forest Service, No. CV-22-168-M-DLC (D. Mont.), court proceedings created compliance uncertainty for federal firefighting. The administration said rapid suppression that protects communities and firefighters should not be blocked by permitting disputes during fire season.
Under the determination, the Secretary of Agriculture is to publish the exemption in the Federal Register. The exemption addresses only the federal-facility compliance requirements of Clean Water Act section 313; it does not change states' own suppression rules or obligations under other environmental laws.
Wildfire is a major annual hazard across the western United States, and the U.S. Forest Service is the backbone of federal wildland firefighting. The White House said the administration is working to reduce wildfire risk through timber management, fuels treatment and rapid-response investment, and that the exemption ensures suppression tools are available ahead of the 2027 fire season. (Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：卫星拍摄的野火烟羽（资料图），NASA，公共领域
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
