特朗普签署总统备忘录 豁免联邦灭火行动《清洁水法》许可要求 为期一年
华盛顿 — 白宫11月10日发布总统备忘录，特朗普总统裁定，联邦灭火行动，包括空中投放阻燃剂，豁免《清洁水法》有关水污染控制与治理的联邦、州、州际与地方要求，豁免期自2026年11月10日起至2027年11月10日，为期一年。
备忘录援引《联邦水污染控制法》第313条，认定这一豁免符合美国的最高利益。豁免对象包括美国林业局、内政部以及其他行政部门与机构及其承包商的灭火行动，涵盖阻燃剂的空中使用、投放与排放；但《清洁水法》第1316条与第1317条的要求不在豁免之列。备忘录同时说明，豁免不意味着在没有总统豁免时，林业局等机构本就需要为相关行动取得水污染方面的许可。农业部长受命把这份裁定刊登《联邦公报》。
白宫同日发布的事实清单说，这项行动源于一宗地区法院裁决：裁决之后，联邦野火扑救中空中投放阻燃剂需要《清洁水法》许可，而林业局虽经多方努力，仍因重大的监管障碍未能取得许可，长期诉讼也给一线灭火人员带来法律上的不确定性。事实清单说，备忘录为2027年火季做准备，确保野火消防员手中有必要的工具保护农村社区与自然资源。
事实清单还列举了特朗普此前的野火相关行动，包括第一任期内签署改善林业局与内政部灭火行动经费流程的立法、2025年3月提高国内木材产量并精简森林管理政策的行政令、2025年6月野火防治与应对行政令，以及2026年1月为 Pacific Palisades 与 Eaton Canyon 火灾灾区加快重建的行政令。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Presidential Memorandum Exempting Federal Firefighting From Clean Water Act Permitting for One Year
Washington — The White House on November 10 issued a presidential memorandum in which President Donald J. Trump determined that federal firefighting activities, including the aerial use, deployment, and discharge of fire retardants, are exempt from federal, state, interstate, and local Clean Water Act requirements respecting the control and abatement of water pollution. The exemption runs for one year, from November 10, 2026 to November 10, 2027.
The memorandum, issued under section 313 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, finds the exemption to be in the paramount interest of the United States. It covers firefighting by the U.S. Forest Service, the Department of the Interior, and other executive departments and agencies and their contractors, while leaving the requirements of sections 1316 and 1317 of the Clean Water Act in place. It also states that the exemption does not imply the Forest Service or other agencies would otherwise need water-pollution permits for those operations. The Secretary of Agriculture is directed to publish the determination in the Federal Register.
A White House fact sheet issued the same day said the action followed an adverse district court decision under which aerial fire retardant use in federal wildland firefighting requires a Clean Water Act permit, a permit the Forest Service has been unable to secure despite numerous efforts because of significant regulatory hurdles. The fact sheet said protracted litigation had created legal uncertainty for wildland firefighters, and that the memorandum prepares for the 2027 fire season by ensuring firefighters have the tools needed to protect rural communities and natural resources.
The fact sheet also listed earlier wildfire actions by President Trump, including first-term legislation improving funding for Forest Service and Interior Department suppression operations, a March 2025 executive order increasing domestic timber production and streamlining forest management, a June 2025 executive order on wildfire prevention and response, and a January 2026 executive order speeding reconstruction in the Pacific Palisades and Eaton Canyon fire areas.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国农业部总部大楼，林业局隶属农业部（GSM 固定图库）。 / Photo: U.S. Department of Agriculture headquarters in Washington, D.C.; the Forest Service is part of USDA (GSM asset library).
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