报告称委内瑞拉122.6亿美元出口收入经美国托管账户流转：117亿美元拨回支撑玻利瓦尔
据《纽约时报》11月10日报道，其审阅的一份毕马威（KPMG）机密报告显示，美国政府在2026年前九个月经手了委内瑞拉自然资源出口收入逾120亿美元：由美国财政部设立的「委内瑞拉托管账户」在1月3日至9月30日共收到122.6亿美元存入，绝大部分来自原油销售；9月30日账户余额只剩约1.7亿美元。
该托管账户是美军1月3日推翻马杜罗政权后设立的，最初设在卡塔尔，1月下旬转至纽约的花旗银行。报告显示，拨回委内瑞拉的款项中，117亿美元经商业银行的外汇拍卖用于支撑本币玻利瓦尔，另有约1.3亿美元用于支付委内瑞拉政府的对外账单，主要是欠其他国家政府与国际组织的款项。美方对每一笔拨付保留最终决定权。
报告同时留下未答的问题：外汇拍卖中美元的最终受益人没有被识别，这122.6亿美元也不涵盖委内瑞拉全部出口收入。毕马威在报告中称其是协助美国国务院管理该账户，并不自视为审计方；国务院此前向国会承诺由毕马威按季度审计，但至今没有一份审计公开。该报告在中期选举前数日写成，国会民主党人此前已多次要求提高委内瑞拉政策的透明度。
Report: $12.26 Billion in Venezuelan Export Revenue Passed Through a U.S. Custody Account, With $11.7 Billion Sent Back to Prop Up the Bolivar
The New York Times reported on November 10 that a confidential KPMG report it reviewed shows the U.S. government received and disbursed more than $12 billion from Venezuela's natural resource exports in the first nine months of 2026. The Venezuela Custody Account, set up by the U.S. Treasury Department, took in $12.26 billion between January 3 and September 30, mostly from crude oil sales, and held a balance of only about $170 million at the end of September.
The custody account was created after U.S. forces ousted Nicolás Maduro on January 3. It was first held in Qatar and was moved to Citibank in New York in late January. Of the money sent back to Venezuela, $11.7 billion was used to prop up the bolivar through foreign-currency auctions held by commercial banks, and about $130 million paid the Venezuelan government's foreign bills, mostly debts to other governments and international organizations. U.S. officials retained the final say over when funds were released and to whom.
The report also leaves questions open: it does not identify the ultimate beneficiaries of the currency auctions, and the $12.26 billion does not cover all of Venezuela's export revenues. KPMG describes itself as assisting the State Department in administering the account, not as its auditor; the State Department had promised Congress quarterly KPMG audits, and none has been made public. The report was written just days before the midterm elections, and Democratic lawmakers had repeatedly vowed to bring more transparency to Washington's Venezuela policy.
来源：纽约时报
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：委内瑞拉Paraguaná炼厂群的Amuay炼厂（资料图）。图：Luis Petit，公共领域，经维基共享资源 / The Amuay refinery in Venezuela's Paraguaná refinery complex (file photo). Photo by Luis Petit, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
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