特朗普签署总统备忘录：联邦灭火含空中投放阻燃剂豁免《清洁水法》许可 为2027年火季备战
美国总统特朗普11月10日在华盛顿签署总统备忘录，认定联邦消防活动豁免《清洁水法》（Clean Water Act）许可要求符合美国最高利益，豁免范围包括空中投放阻燃剂的使用与排放。白宫同日发布事实清单称，此举旨在保护面临野火风险的社区，确保火势在酿成重大灾害、烧毁成千上万英亩林地并危及水源与流域之前得到及时控制。
白宫表示，一项地区法院的不利裁决作出后，联邦野外灭火中使用空中阻燃剂须先取得《清洁水法》许可；美国林业局（U.S. Forest Service）为取得许可作出多次努力，仍因重大监管障碍未能办成。白宫称，旷日持久的诉讼造成法律上的不确定性与监管要求，束缚了在最困难条件下冒着生命危险灭火的消防人员。
根据白宫的说明，这份备忘录满足为期一年的许可要求，确保空中阻燃剂得到审慎使用，以保护生命、生计、社区、基础设施与自然资源，并为即将到来的野外火季做好准备。白宫称，野火是美国森林与牧场的严重全国性威胁，林业局必须有能力应对不可预测、难以控制的野火。
白宫同时列举了特朗普此前采取的一系列野火相关行动：其第一任期内签署立法，改进林业局与内政部野火抑制行动的资金机制，改变此前灭火机构须挪用预防项目资金填补灭火开支的做法；2025年3月签署行政令，立即增加国内木材产量、精简联邦政策以加强森林管理、降低野火风险；同月签署行政令，赋予各州、地方与民众更有效应对网络攻击、野火与天气事件的能力，并在此基础上于2026年6月发布《国家韧性战略》；2025年6月签署行政令，恢复野火预防与应对的常识做法；2026年1月签署行政令，在 Pacific Palisades 与 Eaton Canyon 地区毁灭性野火烧毁近4万英亩住宅与商业用地后，加快两地的重建。
（来源：白宫）
Trump Signs Presidential Memorandum Exempting Federal Firefighting, Including Aerial Fire Retardant, From Clean Water Act Permitting Ahead of the 2027 Fire Season
President Donald J. Trump signed a Presidential Memorandum in Washington on November 10 determining that it is in the paramount interest of the United States to exempt federal firefighting activities, including the aerial use, deployment, and discharge of fire retardant, from Clean Water Act permitting. In a fact sheet issued the same day, the White House said the move protects communities at risk from wildfires and ensures immediate action is taken to control fires before they become major natural disasters that destroy thousands of acres of timber and imperil critical water resources and watersheds.
The White House said that under an adverse district court decision, the use of aerial fire retardant in federal wildland firefighting now requires a Clean Water Act permit, and that despite numerous efforts the U.S. Forest Service has been unsuccessful in securing a permit due to significant regulatory hurdles. It said protracted litigation created legal uncertainty and regulatory requirements that have tied the hands of those who risk their lives fighting wildfire under the most difficult conditions.
According to the White House, the Memorandum fulfills the permitting requirements for a year, ensuring the judicious use of aerial fire retardant will protect lives, livelihoods, communities, infrastructure and resources, and prepares the federal government for the upcoming wildland fire season. The White House said wildfire is a serious national threat to the nation's forests and rangelands and that the Forest Service must be equipped to respond to unpredictable and difficult-to-control wildfires.
The White House also listed earlier wildfire actions by President Trump: legislation signed in his first term improving the funding process for the Forest Service and the Department of the Interior's wildfire suppression operations, ending a structure that forced agencies to take funds from prevention programs to cover response costs; a March 2025 Executive Order increasing domestic timber production and streamlining forest management to reduce wildfire risks; a March 2025 Executive Order empowering states, localities, and citizens to prepare for incidents such as cyber attacks, wildfire, and weather events, which led to the National Resilience Strategy released in June 2026; a June 2025 Executive Order on wildfire prevention and response; and a January 2026 Executive Order speeding up reconstruction in the Pacific Palisades and Eaton Canyon areas after wildfires destroyed nearly 40,000 acres of homes and businesses.
(Source: The White House)
来源：白宫
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：白宫北立面全景（北草坪正面）。特朗普11月10日在白宫签署野火抑制总统备忘录。Aaron Zhu 摄，CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The White House from the North Lawn. President Trump signed the wildfire suppression presidential memorandum at the White House on November 10. By Aaron Zhu, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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