休斯顿市长签署行政令：警察日常执法不再因移民令联系 ICE，只限可入狱罪行
位于美国德克萨斯州哈里斯县的 Houston 市市长 John Whitmire 于 11 月 6 日签署行政令，指示 Houston 警察局（HPD）修改与移民与海关执法局（ICE）联系的指引：今后只有涉及可入狱罪行（jailable offenses）的案件才联系 ICE，日常交通拦检等未构成逮捕的接触不再因当事人持有移民行政令而通知联邦移民执法部门。行政令即时生效。
休斯顿市政府 11 月 6 日发布的新闻稿说，Whitmire 签令后，警察局长 Noe Diaz 已向全部门发出备忘录，落实新的处理流程。Whitmire 说：「今天，我们通过这项行政令改变政策。我希望人们理解我们为什么这样做。这是为了减少恐惧和焦虑，不只是在某些社区，而是整个 Houston。我们不希望人们为自己的工作、家人或学生担忧。这项政策有助于团结 Houston，而且最重要的是，它推进了我最优先的事项：公共安全。」
据美联社报道，这份两页的行政令写明：一个人是或被怀疑是移民执法对象，这一事实本身不得成为联系 ICE、延长拘留或将其收押的理由；只有当事人已因新的刑事指控或其他令状要被送进监狱、且全国犯罪信息中心（NCIC）数据库查到 ICE 行政令匹配时，部门人员才联系 ICE。Diaz 在发布会上举例说，警察拦下一名轻微交通违规者并开出罚单后，此人领罚单离开即可，即使其有移民行政令、又没有被逮捕，HPD 不再联系 ICE。
Whitmire 在官方声明中还说：「正如我多次说过的，选举很重要。我已与州的新领导层和立法机构的两党成员保持联系。坦白说，这应该是一个不分党派的议题。」据美联社报道，该令出台于德克萨斯州选民在 11 月 3 日中期选举中选出民主党人 Gina Hinojosa 接任州长之后数日，Houston 是全美第四大城市，这一调整是选举后美国大城市收紧本地与 ICE 配合做法的早期例子之一。
新政策不改变 ICE 在 Houston 独立执法的权力，也不改变当事人被收押进哈里斯县监狱之后的处理，那部分由县政府决定。德克萨斯州 2017 年通过的参议院第 4 号法案（SB 4）禁止地方政府采取限制配合联邦移民执法的政策，这项行政令与州法之间的关系预计将受到检视。
（来源：休斯顿市政府）
Houston Mayor Signs Executive Order: Police to Contact ICE Only on Jailable Offenses, Not Routine Stops
Houston Mayor John Whitmire, whose city sits in Harris County, Texas, signed an executive order on November 6 directing the Houston Police Department (HPD) to change its guidance on contacting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE): officers will now contact ICE only in cases involving jailable offenses, and routine encounters that do not lead to an arrest will no longer trigger a call to federal immigration authorities solely because a person has an administrative immigration warrant. The order took effect immediately.
In a November 6 news release, the City of Houston said Police Chief Noe Diaz sent a department-wide memo after the signing to update the process. "Today, we're changing the policy through this executive order," Whitmire said. "I hope people understand why we're doing this. It's about reducing fear and anxiety, not just within certain communities, but across all of Houston. We don't want people worrying about their jobs, their family members, or their students. This policy helps unify Houston. And, above all else, it advances my highest priority: public safety."
According to the Associated Press, the two-page order states that the fact that a person is, or is suspected to be, subject to immigration enforcement shall not by itself be a basis to contact ICE, to prolong a detention, or to take the person into custody. Department personnel contact ICE only when the person is already going to jail on new charges or other warrants and a National Crime Information Center (NCIC) search shows a match for an ICE administrative warrant. Diaz gave an example at the announcement: an officer who stops someone for a minor traffic infraction and writes a citation sends that person on their way, and HPD will no longer contact ICE even if the person has an administrative warrant and is not arrested.
"As I've said many times, elections matter," Whitmire said in the city's statement. "I've been in contact with the new state leadership and bipartisan members of the Legislature. Quite frankly, this should be a nonpartisan issue." The Associated Press reported that the order came days after Texas voters elected Democrat Gina Hinojosa to succeed the governor, and that the shift in the nation's fourth-largest city is among the first steps by a major U.S. city to curb cooperation with ICE after Tuesday's midterm elections.
The new policy does not limit ICE's own authority to operate in Houston, and it does not change what happens after a person is booked into the Harris County jail, which is a county decision. Texas Senate Bill 4, a 2017 state law, bars local governments from adopting policies that limit cooperation with federal immigration enforcement, and the order's relationship with that law is expected to be scrutinized.
(Source: City of Houston)
来源：休斯顿市政府
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：Houston 市政厅（资料图），GSM 四级固定图库城市包。 / Houston City Hall (file photo), GSM asset library, Cities pack.
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