【视频】NASA开启新一届宇航员招募 入选者有望踏上月球、驻留月球基地
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）宣布，新一期宇航员招募申请现已开放——这是该机构自2024年以来首次招募宇航员。入选者将加入NASA宇航员队伍，参与美国重返月球、建设月球基地，并为人类首次载人火星任务打基础。申请须通过联邦招聘平台USAJOBS提交，截止时间为美东时间12月3日（周四）晚11时59分。
NASA局长贾里德·艾萨克曼（Jared Isaacman）说：「现在是加入NASA宇航员队伍的非凡时刻。我们选出的人可能踏上月球、在月球基地生活和工作，并帮助开创最终把乘组送往火星的系统与操作。」他说，这些任务需要技术过硬、判断稳健、团队协作和勇气，「如果你准备好加入这一传统，就来帮助书写人类最伟大冒险的下一章」。
按NASA公布的时间表，该机构预计在2027年底作出最终选拔，新一期宇航员候选人随后开始训练。候选人在休斯顿约翰逊航天中心报到，用约两年时间学习太空行走、空间站操作、驾驶T-38喷气机和控制机械臂等基本技能。NASA首席宇航员、宇航员选拔委员会主席斯科特·廷格尔（Scott Tingle）说，成为NASA宇航员「不只是一份职业机会，更是加入一支不断拓展发现边界的探索者队伍的机会」。
申请的基本门槛是：美国公民；在经认证的院校取得STEM领域硕士学位，专业包括工程、生物科学、物理科学、计算机科学或数学等。硕士学位要求也可以用以下经历替代：在相关理工科博士项目完成至少两年学业；取得医学博士、骨科医学博士、医师助理、护理实践博士、家庭护理执业师等医学学位；或在2027年7月前完成国家认可的试飞员学校项目（此路径另须STEM学士学位）。
申请人还须在取得学位后拥有至少三年相关专业经验。飞行员可用飞行小时折抵：高性能喷气机机长时间750小时；其他固定翼飞机总飞行1500小时、其中机长时间750小时；旋翼机总飞行1000小时、其中机长时间300小时。医生的住院医师培训可计入专业经验，但须在2027年7月前完成。此外，候选人必须通过NASA长期飞行宇航员体检，并具备领导力、团队协作和沟通能力。
NASA上一次开放宇航员申请是在2024年：8000多人递交申请，10名候选人于2025年入选，目前正在接受近两年的训练。自1960年代以来，NASA共选拔了370名宇航员候选人，现役宇航员队伍有32人。
NASA同步发布了官方招募视频，片中说：「宇宙在召唤。你会回应吗？」有意申请者可通过NASA公布的页面（go.nasa.gov/astro2026）了解申请流程与宇航员职业介绍，再经USAJOBS提交材料。
[Video] NASA Opens Applications for Next Astronaut Class Bound for the Moon
NASA announced that applications are now open for its next class of astronauts — the first time the agency has opened astronaut applications since 2024. Those selected will join the astronaut corps as America returns to the Moon, builds the Moon Base, and lays the groundwork for the first crewed missions to Mars. Applications must be submitted through the federal hiring platform USAJOBS by 11:59 p.m. EST on Thursday, Dec. 3.
"This is an extraordinary time to join NASA's astronaut corps," said NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman. "The people we select could walk on the Moon, live and work at the Moon Base, and help pioneer the systems and operations that will ultimately carry crews to Mars." Those missions, he said, will demand technical excellence, sound judgment, teamwork, and courage: "If you are ready to join that tradition, come help write the next chapter of humanity's greatest adventure."
NASA expects to make its final selection in late 2027, after which the new class of astronaut candidates will begin training. Candidates report to the Johnson Space Center in Houston and spend about two years learning basic astronaut skills such as spacewalking, operating the space station, flying T-38 jets, and controlling a robotic arm. Becoming a NASA astronaut "is more than a career opportunity," said Scott Tingle, chief astronaut and chair of the Astronaut Selection Board at the Johnson Space Center. "It is a chance to join a legacy of explorers who have pushed the boundaries of discovery."
The basic requirements include U.S. citizenship and a master's degree in a STEM field — including engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics — from an accredited institution. The master's-degree requirement can also be met by completing at least two years of work toward a doctoral program in an appropriate technical field; by completing a Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, Physician Assistant, Doctor of Nursing Practice, Family Nurse Practitioner, or related medical degree; or by completing a nationally recognized Test Pilot School program by July 2027, together with a bachelor's degree in a STEM field.
Candidates must also have at least three years of related professional experience after completing their qualifying degree. Pilots may meet the experience requirement through flight time: 750 hours of pilot-in-command time in high-performance jet aircraft; 1,500 total flight hours in other fixed-wing aircraft, including 750 hours as pilot in command; or 1,000 total flight hours in rotary-wing aircraft, including 300 hours as pilot in command. For medical doctors, residency training may count toward the professional experience requirement and must be completed by July 2027. Candidates must also pass NASA's long-duration astronaut flight physical and demonstrate strong leadership, teamwork, and communication skills.
The agency last opened applications in 2024. From more than 8,000 applications, 10 astronaut candidates were selected in 2025 and are currently completing nearly two years of training. Since the 1960s, NASA has selected 370 people to train as astronaut candidates, and the agency currently has 32 active astronauts in the corps.
NASA also released an official recruitment video: "The universe is calling. Will you answer?" Prospective applicants can learn more about the application process and a career as a NASA astronaut at go.nasa.gov/astro2026, and submit their materials through USAJOBS.
来源：美国国家航空航天局（NASA
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：NASA宇航员候选人在休斯顿约翰逊航天中心亮相。NASA官方照片，公共领域。 / Photo: NASA astronaut candidates at the agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Official NASA photograph, public domain.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
