排灯节前夕德里登顶全球污染最重主要城市：IQAir指数581 印度官方指数363同属「极差」
新德里 — 印度首都德里11月7日（周六）上午被瑞士空气质量监测机构 IQAir 的实时排名列为全球污染最重的主要城市。IQAir 当地时间10时35分给出的美国空气质量指数为581，约为第二名巴基斯坦拉合尔（285）的两倍；美国口径下，指数超过300即属对全体人群有害的「危险」级别。
印度中央污染控制委员会（CPCB）按本国口径测得德里10时的空气质量指数为363，归入「极差」类别。两套指数的计算方法不同、数字不能直接比较，但都指向同一结论：德里的空气已恶化到危害健康的程度。据印度媒体报道，德里全市59个监测站中，周六上午有18个站点的读数达到「严重」级别。
据当地媒体援引官方数据，11月6日（周五）德里的空气质量是八年来排灯节前夕最差的一次。排灯节在今年落在11月8日，节日期间大量燃放烟花爆竹历来会让本已严重的污染雪上加霜；德里的空气质量早期预警系统此前已预告，周六起空气质量可能由「极差」进一步跌入「严重」类别。
德里每年秋冬都会陷入雾霾：汽车尾气、建筑扬尘、工业排放与周边各邦农田秸秆焚烧的烟尘在静稳天气下叠加。印度最高法院此前裁定，德里及周边地区仅可在11月7日与8日燃放经认证的「绿色烟花」，11月9日起全面禁放令恢复。
德里都会区人口超过3000万。GSM 11月4日曾报道新德里空气质量指数379属「极差」、排灯节前已启动第二阶段应急措施；三天之后，这座城市登上了全球污染排名的第一位。
关联：印度新德里11月4日空气质量指数379属「极差」，排灯节前已启动第二阶段应急措施
（来源：路透社）
Delhi Ranked World's Most Polluted Major City on Diwali Eve: IQAir Reading 581, India's Own Index 363 'Very Poor'
NEW DELHI — India's capital, Delhi, was ranked the world's most polluted major city on the morning of Saturday, November 7, in the live ranking of Swiss air-quality monitoring group IQAir. IQAir put Delhi's U.S. air quality index at 581 at 10:35 a.m. local time, roughly double the 285 recorded for Lahore, Pakistan, in second place; on the U.S. scale, any reading above 300 is considered hazardous for the entire population.
India's Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), using its own methodology, put Delhi's index at 363 at 10 a.m., in the 'very poor' category. The two indexes use different scales and are not directly comparable, but both pointed to the same conclusion: Delhi's air had deteriorated to levels dangerous to health. Indian media reported that 18 of the city's 59 monitoring stations recorded 'severe' readings on Saturday morning.
Local media, citing official data, said Friday's air quality was the worst recorded in Delhi on the eve of Diwali in eight years. Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights, falls on November 8 this year, and widespread firecracker use during the festival routinely worsens the city's pollution; Delhi's air quality early warning system had forecast that conditions could slip from 'very poor' into the 'severe' category starting Saturday.
Delhi sinks into smog every autumn and winter, as vehicle exhaust, construction dust and industrial emissions combine with smoke from crop-residue burning in neighbouring states under stagnant weather. India's Supreme Court had ruled that certified 'green crackers' could be used in Delhi and its surrounding region only on November 7 and 8, with the full firecracker ban restored from November 9.
The Delhi metropolitan area is home to more than 30 million people. GSM reported on November 4 that New Delhi's air quality index of 379 was 'very poor' and that second-stage emergency measures had been activated ahead of Diwali; three days later, the city stood at the top of the global pollution ranking.
(Source: Reuters)
来源：路透社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：印度北部上空雾霾卫星图（资料图），美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA），公共领域（Wikimedia Commons），本站档案图复用。 / Photo: Satellite view of haze over northern India (file photo), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), public domain (via Wikimedia Commons), GSM archive reuse.
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