日本众议院通过食品消费税减税法案：税率将由8%降至1%、为期两年，石破茂等四名自民党议员表决前退席
东京——日本众议院11月6日下午在全体会议上以执政联盟多数赞成通过高市早苗政府提交的食品消费税减税法案：在野各党全部投反对票。法案规定，自2027财年起的两年内，食品饮料的消费税税率由现行的8%降至1%。法案已送交参议院审议；执政联盟在参议院不占多数，参议院已设立特别委员会（40名成员中执政阵营19人、在野阵营20人，不含委员长），法案能否最终成为法律尚不确定，政府力争在本届国会会期结束的12月12日之前使其成立。
在野党反对的理由集中在财源与配套：法案声称不依赖赤字国债，但具体财源和与减税同步推出的中低收入家庭给付制度细节多被推迟交代。执政党内部同样出现异动：表决开始前，前首相石破茂、前经济产业大臣小渊优子、前法务大臣古川祯久、众议员船田元四名自民党议员退席弃权。石破茂对身边人说，这样的做法「无法赞同」；小渊优子事后表示自己「纠结到最后一刻」，但服从党的决定是理所当然的，因此选择弃权而非反对；船田元则要求政府就给付对象与规模给出具体数字。
食品消费税减税是高市内阁应对物价上涨的核心承诺之一，也是自民党与日本维新会执政协议的重要内容。税率两年后如何处理——恢复至8%还是另寻安排——已成为后续争论的焦点，船田元在弃权时即指出，两年后围绕增税的争论恐怕难以避免。
（来源：日本经济）
Japan's Lower House Passes Food Tax Cut Bill: Rate to Fall From 8% to 1% for Two Years, as Ishiba and Three Other LDP Lawmakers Walk Out Before the Vote
Tokyo — Japan's House of Representatives passed the Takaichi government's food consumption tax cut bill in a plenary session on November 6, with the ruling coalition voting in favour and every opposition party against. The bill cuts the consumption tax rate on food and beverages from the current 8 percent to 1 percent for two years starting in fiscal 2027. It now goes to the House of Councillors, where the ruling coalition lacks a majority; a special committee of 40 members (19 from the ruling camp and 20 from the opposition, excluding the chair) has been set up to deliberate, leaving the bill's fate uncertain. The government aims for enactment by the end of the Diet session on December 12.
The opposition objected mainly on funding: the bill pledges not to rely on deficit-covering bonds, yet the specifics of its funding and of the benefit scheme for low- and middle-income households to be introduced alongside the cut were largely deferred. There was dissent inside the ruling party as well: before the vote, four Liberal Democratic Party lawmakers — former Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba, former economy minister Yuko Obuchi, former justice minister Yoshihisa Furukawa and lawmaker Hajime Funada — left the chamber and abstained. Ishiba told people close to him he 'could not support that kind of thing.' Obuchi said afterwards she had agonised over it until the very last moment but that abiding by the party's decision was only natural, so she abstained rather than voting against; Funada demanded concrete figures on who the new benefits would cover and at what scale.
Cutting the food consumption tax is a centrepiece pledge of the Takaichi cabinet against the rising cost of living and a key item in the LDP's coalition agreement with the Japan Innovation Party. What happens after the two years — whether the rate returns to 8 percent — is already a focus of debate; Funada noted in abstaining that an argument over raising the tax again in two years would be hard to avoid.
(Source: Nikkei)
来源：日本经济
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图片来源：图：日本首相高市早苗（组阁当日资料图）。日本内阁官房，CC BY 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi on the day her cabinet was formed (file photo). Cabinet Secretariat of Japan, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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