巴拉圭总统Santiago Peña宣布辞职：众议院78票对0票通过弹劾，数字银行倒闭冻结约300万客户账户
巴拉圭总统 Santiago Peña 11月5日在首都 Asunción 通过录制的视频讲话宣布辞职。就在他宣布辞职几分钟后，巴拉圭众议院以78票对0票通过对他的弹劾案。这场政治危机的导火索，是与他本人有过往商业关联的数字银行 ueno 倒闭——该行约300万客户的账户被冻结，在这个总人口约650万的国家引发连续三天的街头抗议。
Peña 在讲话中说，他作出这一决定是「为了国家的稳定、社会和平，以及维护民主机构的需要」，并表示他最大的愿望是受影响的资金能够得到返还、存款担保基金能够发挥作用、公共资金得到保护。弹劾案接下来将送交参议院，须经三分之二多数通过才能定罪并正式罢免总统。当天上午，Peña 已失去自己所属保守派红党（Colorado Party）党内多名重量级人物的支持——红党领袖、前总统 Horacio Cartes 与国会主席 Basilio Núñez 相继撤回对他的支持，反对党与红党议员在弹劾表决中投下了一致的赞成票。
ueno 是一家2021年创立的数字银行，从一家小众金融科技公司快速成长为巴拉圭的中型银行，管理着约8.5亿美元公共资金，其中包括国家机构与养老金相关机构的资金。巴拉圭中央银行认定 ueno 违反最低偿付能力要求后对其实施处置，约300万客户随即无法使用账户。中央银行正着手把 ueno 客户账户转移到其他金融机构，转移过程已给银行系统带来压力、多款银行应用出现故障；部分客户本周聚集在 ueno 网点外要求取出存款，其中包括通过 ueno 领取国家福利的养老金领取者。Peña 本周早些时候已批准立法，加快向受倒闭影响的储户付款。
议员们指控 Peña 存在利益冲突、滥用养老金资金并在机构层面掩盖问题。Peña 是一名经济学家，2023年当选总统；他曾是控制 ueno 的 Grupo Vázquez 集团的股东，他说自己已于2025年3月出售所持股份；ueno 则表示，Peña 从未以股东或投资者身份与该行有直接关系。Peña 一再否认存在不当关联，称这场争议是一个监管问题被政治放大，应交由法院处理。检察官周四表示，Peña 是这起银行倒闭案的被调查对象之一，但尚未被传讯；本周，检方已对 ueno 的八名高管发出逮捕令。
监管层同样受到冲击。巴拉圭中央银行行长 Carlos Carvallo 曾任 ueno 负责人，他已在周二、即央行对 ueno 采取处置措施后辞职。中央银行否认存在利益冲突，称 Carvallo 已回避所有与 ueno 有关的决定，但议员、银行业代表与反对派人士仍质疑监管是否到位。
Peña 的辞职须经国会正式接受。按美联社报道，国会预计于当地时间周四下午正式接受辞呈，副总统 Pedro Alliana 随后宣誓就任总统，任满 Peña 原定至2028年8月的任期，国会议员还将选出新的副总统。巴拉圭近年赢得投资级信用评级、以南美洲相对稳定和改革友好的经济体著称，这场银行与政治危机是否会损害其声誉，仍待观察。
（来源：路透社、美联社）
关联：巴拉圭数字银行ueno被央行解散、约300万客户账户冻结：35名议员提交弹劾总统佩尼亚的条款
Paraguay President Santiago Peña Resigns: Lower House Votes 78-0 to Impeach as Bank Collapse Freezes Some 3 Million Accounts
Paraguayan President Santiago Peña announced his resignation on Thursday, Nov. 5, in a recorded video address in Asunción. Minutes after his announcement, Paraguay's lower house voted 78-0 to impeach him. The crisis was triggered by the collapse of ueno, a digital bank to which Peña had past business ties: the accounts of the bank's roughly 3 million customers were frozen, sparking three days of street protests in a country of about 6.5 million people.
"I do so with the stability of our country, social peace, and the need to preserve our democratic institutions in mind," Peña said in the address, adding that his greatest wish was for affected funds to be returned, for the deposit guarantee fund to fulfill its purpose and for public funds to be protected. The impeachment charges now go to the Senate, where a two-thirds majority is required to convict and formally remove a president. Earlier on Thursday, Peña lost the backing of senior figures in his own conservative Colorado Party — party leader and former president Horacio Cartes and Congress President Basilio Núñez withdrew their support — and lawmakers from the ruling party joined the opposition in the unanimous impeachment vote.
Ueno, launched in 2021, grew rapidly from a niche fintech company into a mid-sized bank administering about $850 million in public funds, including money from state institutions and pension-related bodies. Paraguay's central bank intervened after determining that ueno had breached minimum solvency requirements, leaving its roughly 3 million customers unable to access their accounts. The central bank is working to transfer ueno accounts to other financial institutions, a process that has strained the banking system and contributed to outages at several banking apps. Customers, including pensioners who receive state benefits through ueno, gathered outside branches this week seeking access to their savings. Earlier this week, Peña approved legislation to help accelerate payments to depositors affected by the collapse.
Lawmakers accused Peña of conflicts of interest, misuse of pension funds and institutional cover-ups. An economist elected in 2023, Peña was a shareholder in Grupo Vázquez, which controls ueno; he has said he sold his stake in March 2025, while ueno says he never had a direct relationship with the bank as a shareholder or investor. Peña has repeatedly rejected any suggestion of improper ties, describing the controversy as the political escalation of what began as a regulatory issue and arguing it should be addressed through the courts. Prosecutors said on Thursday that Peña was among those being investigated over the bank's failure, though he has not been taken in for questioning; they issued arrest warrants for eight ueno executives this week.
The regulatory fallout also reached the central bank. Its chief, Carlos Carvallo, had previously been head of ueno and resigned on Tuesday after the central bank put ueno into resolution. The central bank denied any conflict of interest, saying Carvallo recused himself from all decisions related to ueno, but lawmakers, banking industry representatives and opposition figures have questioned whether oversight was sufficient.
Peña's resignation must be formally accepted by Congress. Lawmakers were expected to accept it on Thursday afternoon local time, clearing the way for Vice President Pedro Alliana to be sworn in as president and serve out the remainder of Peña's term through August 2028, with Congress also set to choose a new vice president. Paraguay has won investment-grade credit ratings and built a reputation as one of South America's more stable and reform-friendly economies; whether the crisis will damage that reputation in the longer term remains unclear.
(Source: Reuters, The Associated Press)
来源：路透社、美联社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图片来源：Wikimedia Commons（Santiago Peña 2023年8月就职时讲话资料图，中华民国总统府官方照片，CC BY 4.0） / Image: Office of the President, Republic of China (Taiwan) via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0); file photo from Peña's August 2023 inauguration
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
- 2026-11-04 17:13巴拉圭数字银行ueno被央行解散、约300万客户账户冻结：35名议员提交弹劾总统佩尼亚的条款
- 2026-11-05 12:20巴拉圭总统Santiago Peña宣布辞职：众议院78票对0票通过弹劾，数字银行倒闭冻结约300万客户账户本篇
