日本政府考虑在新安保战略中明记无核三原则例外：紧急时允许核武器入境
东京——共同社11月5日援引知情人士报道，日本政府正在考虑在今年底前更新的《国家安全保障战略》等安保文件中，明确写下「无核三原则」的一项例外：在紧急事态下，允许核武器被带入日本。
无核三原则——不拥有、不制造、不引进核武器——是日本作为唯一遭受过原子弹轰炸的国家长期坚持的国策。报道所指的例外源于2010年时任外相冈田克也的国会答辩：他当时表示，紧急时是否允许核武器入境须由当时的政府判断；这一立场此后为历届政府继承，高市早苗政府亦然。
据报道，政府目前倾向于不改动三原则本身、而是把这一例外立场明确写入战略文件，以强化美国核威慑对日本的保护效力。高市早苗在出任首相前就曾对「不引进」原则表示质疑，称它可能妨碍搭载核武器的美国舰艇停靠、削弱紧急事态下美国延伸威慑的可信度；她上月在国会委员会又表示，关于安保文件如何处理延伸威慑与冈田答辩，「有考虑的余地」。外相茂木敏充10月曾表示，政府需要考虑把冈田答辩明记入文件会引起其他国家何种看法。
日本三份安保文件预定在今年底前更新。是否把例外写进正式文件，将使这一长期停留在国会答辩层面的立场首次获得战略文件背书，预计在日本国内引发新的争论。
关联：日本防卫大臣小泉进次郎再吁讨论调整「无核三原则」：对引进核潜艇持积极态度
（来源：共同社）
Japan Considers Writing an Exception to Its Non-Nuclear Principles Into the New Security Strategy: Allowing Nuclear Weapons In During an Emergency
Tokyo — The Japanese government is considering explicitly stating an exception to its three non-nuclear principles in the National Security Strategy and related security documents to be updated by the end of this year: that in an emergency, nuclear weapons would be allowed to be brought into Japan, Kyodo News reported on November 5, citing a source familiar with the matter.
The three principles — not possessing, not producing and not allowing the introduction of nuclear weapons — have long been a national credo for Japan, the only country to have suffered atomic bombings. The exception under discussion traces to a 2010 Diet statement by then Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada, who said that whether to allow nuclear weapons in during an emergency would be a judgment for the government of the day; successive governments, including Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi's, have endorsed that position.
According to the report, the government is leaning toward stating the exception explicitly in the strategy document rather than revising the principles themselves, in order to enhance the effectiveness of U.S. nuclear deterrence protecting Japan. Before becoming prime minister, Takaichi expressed doubts about the non-introduction principle, saying it could complicate port calls by nuclear-armed U.S. vessels and weaken the credibility of extended deterrence in a contingency. Last month she told a Diet committee there was "room for consideration" regarding how the security documents should address extended deterrence and Okada's remarks. Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi said in October that the government needed to consider how other countries might perceive explicitly writing Okada's remarks into the documents.
Japan's three security documents are due to be updated by the end of the year. Writing the exception into an official document would give a position long held only in Diet testimony the backing of a national strategy for the first time, and is expected to fuel fresh debate in Japan.
Related: Defense Minister Koizumi Again Urges Debate on Adjusting the Three Non-Nuclear Principles
(Source: Kyodo News)
来源：共同社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：日本国会议事堂。日本政府正考虑在年底更新的安保战略文件中明记无核三原则的例外情形。CC BY-SA 3.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Photo: The National Diet Building in Tokyo. CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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