费城儿童医院研究：新生儿未打维生素K，出血风险高47%
费城儿童医院11月5日宣布，该院研究人员在《美国医学会杂志》发表迄今规模最大的回顾性研究，发现越来越多新生儿在出生时没有接种常规的肌肉注射维生素K，而这与婴儿期出血风险上升有关。研究分析了2017年至2025年间全美50个州和华盛顿特区520万名孕35至43周出生的婴儿，并随访至出生后六个月。数据显示，未接种维生素K的新生儿比例从2017年的3.1%上升至2025年的6.8%，翻了一倍多；全部样本中共有234825名、占4.5%的新生儿没有接种。未接种组出生后六个月内每万名婴儿出现288起出血事件，接种组为186起；调整孕周、性别、母亲特征、保险状况和社区因素后，未接种者的出血风险高出47%。颅内出血方面，未接种组每万人33例，接种组13例，风险高出一倍多。
研究估算，每114名未接种的新生儿中，就多出现一起出血事件。研究作者之一、费城儿童医院新生儿科医生希瑟·伯里斯表示，维生素K注射数十年来一直能有效预防维生素K缺乏性出血，呼吁加强家庭教育，让家长了解不接种可能带来的严重且可预防的风险。第一作者克里斯蒂安·斯科特目前任职于埃默里大学医学院，这项研究是他在费城儿童医院做博士后期间完成的。
（来源：费城儿童医院）
Newborns Who Skip the Vitamin K Shot Face 47% Higher Bleeding Risk, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Study Finds
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia announced on Nov. 5 that its researchers have published the largest retrospective study of its kind in the Journal of the American Medical Association, finding that more newborns are going without the routine intramuscular vitamin K shot at birth — and that this is linked to a higher risk of bleeding in infancy. The study analyzed 5.2 million infants born at 35 to 43 weeks across all 50 states and Washington, D.C., from 2017 to 2025, and followed them through six months of age.
The share of newborns who did not receive vitamin K rose from 3.1% in 2017 to 6.8% in 2025, more than doubling; in total, 234,825 newborns, or 4.5%, did not receive the shot. Babies who missed the shot had 288 bleeding events per 10,000 infants in their first six months, versus 186 per 10,000 among those who received it; after adjusting for gestational age, sex, maternal characteristics, insurance status and community factors, the group that skipped the shot faced a 47% higher risk of bleeding. For intracranial hemorrhage, the rates were 33 per 10,000 versus 13 per 10,000 — more than double. The study estimates one additional bleeding event for every 114 newborns who skip the shot.
Heather Burris, a neonatologist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and one of the study's authors, said vitamin K injections have effectively prevented vitamin K deficiency bleeding for decades, and urged better education for families about the serious and preventable risks of declining the shot. First author Christian Scott, now at Emory University School of Medicine, conducted the research during a postdoctoral fellowship at the hospital.
(Source: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia)
来源：费城儿童医院
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：费城市政府大楼。（GSM 固定图库） / Photo: Philadelphia city government building.
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
