俄罗斯无人机袭击黑海商船：至少30名海员死亡或失踪，多起袭击发生在北约成员国水域
黑海消息，俄罗斯无人机近几周在黑海袭击至少十几艘商船，造成至少 30 名海员死亡或失踪。美国有线电视新闻网 11 月 3 日报道称，部分袭击发生在北约成员国罗马尼亚与保加利亚的领海附近或领海以内，黑海正成为全球最致命的水域。
最近一起袭击中，3 架无人机上周击中正驶向罗马尼亚港口的集装箱船“康特希普喷气”号，法国侦察机拍到一架水面无人机接近该船，随后画面显示船体严重倾斜、正在下沉；事发时该船距保加利亚海岸仅 25 公里。
本轮袭击始于 10 月初：土耳其籍“阿尔法·瓦坦”号从埃及驶往罗马尼亚苏利纳港途中遭空中与水面无人机袭击，9 名叙利亚籍船员与 1 名埃及籍船员死亡，船只沉没；6 天后，“HS 尊严”号在保加利亚海岸附近夜间遇袭，11 名船员死亡，多数为叙利亚籍；10 月 15 日，4 艘商船同日遭袭，包括在罗马尼亚领海与专属经济区内，8 人死亡。两艘化学品油轮“葡萄酒贸易商”号与“亚拉 J”号在通往多瑙河的苏利纳运河附近被击中起火，“葡萄酒贸易商”号上 6 名贝宁籍船员与 1 名俄罗斯籍船员死亡。
航运与安全消息人士称，俄方同时动用海上与空中无人机，并开始使用速度更快、更难拦截的喷气动力无人机以及可打击移动目标的无人机。俄方袭击意在切断经乌克兰港口的粮食贸易。北约秘书长马克·吕特表示，北约已加强东翼戒备；保加利亚已要求北约部署战斗机与反无人机系统；罗马尼亚已开始以 F-16 战斗机在沿海巡逻，并于 10 月下旬在罗马尼亚领海上空击落两架俄罗斯新型无人机。
Russian Drone Strikes on Black Sea Shipping Kill or Leave Missing at Least 30 Mariners
BLACK SEA — Russian drones have struck at least a dozen merchant ships in the Black Sea in recent weeks, killing or leaving missing at least 30 mariners, CNN reported on November 3. Some attacks have occurred close to or inside the territorial waters of Romania and Bulgaria, both NATO members, turning the Black Sea into the world's deadliest waterway.
In the most recent strike, three drones hit the container ship Contship Jet last week as it approached a Romanian port. A French surveillance plane filmed a surface drone zeroing in on the vessel, and later video showed the ship listing heavily before sinking; when hit, the vessel was just 25 kilometers (15 miles) from the Bulgarian coast.
The surge in attacks began in early October, when the Turkish-owned Alfa Watan, heading from Egypt to the Romanian port of Sulina, was struck by air and naval drones. Nine Syrian crew members and one Egyptian died, and the ship sank. Six days later, 11 of the crew on the HS Dignity — most of them Syrian — died when the ship was struck off the Bulgarian coast at night. On October 15, four more merchant ships were targeted, including in Romanian territorial waters and its exclusive economic zone, and eight lives were lost, according to Romanian Foreign Minister Oana-Silvia Toiu. Two chemical tankers — Wine Trader and Yara J — caught fire after being hit close to the Sulina Canal that leads from the Black Sea into the Danube; six Beninese and one Russian national on the Wine Trader, which was hit by three drones according to its operator, were killed.
Shipping and security sources cited by CNN said Russia had used sea and air drones together, and had begun using recently developed jet-powered drones, which are faster and more difficult to intercept, as well as drones capable of hitting moving targets. Russia's goal is to throttle trade through Ukrainian ports, which export almost all the country's grain. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte said the alliance has "already strengthened our posture along the eastern flank." Bulgaria has asked NATO to deploy fighter aircraft and counter-drone systems, and Romania has begun coastal patrols by F-16 fighter jets; CNN reported that one shot down two Russian next-generation drones over Romanian territorial waters in late October.
来源：美国有线电视新闻网
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：罗马尼亚康斯坦察港。Wikimedia Commons，公共领域。 / Photo: The Port of Constanta, Romania. Wikimedia Commons, public domain.
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