计票进展：蒙大拿州I-194提案赞成票暂时领先，拟禁「拟制人」政治捐助
2026年11月3日，蒙大拿州选民在中期选举投票中同时表决I-194提案，即《排除拟制人章程权力中的政治献金倡议》。根据提案文本，投赞成票即支持禁止“拟制人”向候选人竞选、公投议题选举或政党提供任何有价值的捐助，拟制人包括非营利组织、信托、合伙企业、公司、行业协会和未注册社团等受蒙大拿州法律管辖、在该州经营或拥有该州土地的实体；投反对票即维持现行竞选财务法律。提案的支持者称之为“蒙大拿计划”，认为它通过限定州政府授予企业的章程权力来回应联邦最高法院2010年“联合公民诉联邦选举委员会案”的裁决；反对者则认为该做法将引发宪法诉讼。按提案设计，违规实体可能丧失州法律授予的章程特权，包括有限责任、永久存续等；若获得通过，法案生效日期为2027年1月1日，但能否如期生效很可能取决于法院是否发布禁令。美联社计票显示，该提案目前尚未判定：在已上报的9.02%选区中，赞成票为29,969票，反对票为15,064票，赞成票暂时领先。最终结果以州务卿办公室的正式统计为准。
Counting Update: Montana's I-194, Which Would Bar Political Spending by 'Artificial Persons,' Leads in Early Returns
On November 3, Montana voters weighed in on Initiative I-194, the 'Exclude Political Spending from Artificial Persons' Charter Powers Initiative.' Under the measure's text, a vote in favor supports prohibiting 'artificial persons' from contributing anything of value to candidate campaigns, ballot-issue elections or political parties. Artificial persons include nonprofits, trusts, partnerships, corporations, trade associations and unincorporated associations that are subject to Montana law, do business in the state or own land in the state; a vote against keeps current campaign finance law in place. Supporters call it the 'Montana Plan' and say it responds to the U.S. Supreme Court's 2010 Citizens United v. FEC ruling by limiting the charter powers the state grants to businesses; opponents argue the approach will draw constitutional litigation. Under the measure, a violating entity could lose charter privileges granted under state law, including limited liability and perpetual existence. If approved, the law would take effect on January 1, 2027, though whether it takes effect on schedule may depend on whether a court issues an injunction.
Associated Press tabulations show the measure has not yet been called: with 9.02% of precincts reporting, the 'yes' side had 29,969 votes and the 'no' side 15,064, putting 'yes' temporarily ahead. Final results will be based on the Secretary of State's official count.
来源：美联社
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：图：蒙大拿州议会大厦，位于 Helena（Mattvw9287，CC BY 4.0，经 Wikimedia Commons）。 / Photo: The Montana State Capitol in Helena (Mattvw9287, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
