白宫已备好选后执政预案：若民主党赢得国会，将以行政权力推进关税、签证与住房议程
据路透社11月2日报道，白宫数月来一直在盘点一套选后执政预案：如果民主党在11月3日中期选举中赢得国会控制权，特朗普总统将更多依靠行政权力推进议程。报道引述一名白宫官员与两名知情人士的话说，这项准备自今年4月起展开，由总统幕僚副主任 Stephen Miller、管理与预算局局长 Russell Vought 与白宫法律顾问办公室负责人 Will Scharf 的团队牵头。
预案盘点的范围包括移民、关税、住房成本与联邦开支：在考虑中的措施有对关键矿产与风力涡轮机进口加征新关税、收紧国际学生与临时外劳的签证规则、采取降低住房与建设成本的行政步骤，以及修订联邦拨款规则、让政治任命官员对资金分配有更大发言权。各联邦机构已经提交了本部门可单方面采取的行动方案与法律评估，Russell Vought 正在梳理哪些优先事项可以动用国会已经拨付的资金推进。
白宫法律顾问团队同时在研究总统独自行动的法律边界：哪些做法可以把权限推到极限、又如何在法庭上为这些决定辩护。报道说，特朗普已听取相关简报并参与讨论；当被问及在民主党国会下以行政权力执政会有多自在时，一名知情人士答称「非常自在」。特朗普自2025年1月回任以来已签署293道行政令（据《联邦公报》统计），并多次动用国家紧急状态扩大无需新立法的行动空间。
特朗普本人周末在《纽约邮报》周六刊出的播客 Pod Force One 中说：「我会当『否决先生』（Veto Man），到某个时点，我们大概会达成协议。」这指的是即便民主党控制国会，他仍握有对法案的否决权，而民主党在两院都几乎不可能凑齐推翻否决所需的三分之二多数。
目前共和党在众议院以218比214占微弱多数、参议院以53比47领先；民主党需要净增4席才能翻转众议院，参议院同样需要净增4席。民调显示民主党在众议院占优，参议院选情则难分难解。若民主党夺回国会，其委员会将获得对政府的调查、传票与文件调取权；报道说，白宫律师团队数月来也在为这一前景做准备，包括指导官员如何应对国会质询与传票、提醒谨慎留存书面记录，并研究以行政特权屏蔽与私人顾问往来信息的法律意见。
白宫发言人表示，特朗普将继续推进其议程、兑现对选民的承诺。选举结果将于11月3日投票结束后陆续揭晓。报道全文见路透社：白宫备好以行政权力执政的预案（英文）。
关联：特朗普今日在林肯纪念堂倒影池发表选前收官讲话：全天另打九场电话集会
White House Prepares Post-Election Playbook: Executive Action on Tariffs, Visas and Housing if Democrats Win Congress
Reuters reported on November 2 that the White House has spent months quietly assembling a playbook for governing through executive authority if Democrats capture Congress in the November 3 midterm elections, according to a White House official and two people familiar with the planning. The preparations, begun in April, are led by Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller, Budget Director Russell Vought and the team of White House Counsel Will Scharf.
The measures under consideration cover immigration, tariffs, housing costs and federal spending: new tariffs on imports of critical minerals and wind turbines, tighter visa rules for international students and temporary foreign workers, steps aimed at lowering housing and construction costs, and revised federal grant rules giving political appointees more say over funding decisions. Federal agencies have already submitted proposals and legal reviews of actions they could take unilaterally, and Vought is assessing which priorities can advance using money Congress has already appropriated.
White House lawyers are also examining what the president can legally do on his own, where he could push the limits of his authority and how to defend those decisions in court. Trump has been briefed on the preparations and has participated in the discussions; asked how comfortable he would be governing through executive authority under a Democratic Congress, one of the people replied: "very comfortable." Trump has signed 293 executive orders since returning to office in January 2025, according to the Federal Register.
Speaking on the New York Post's Pod Force One podcast published Saturday, Trump said: "I'll be 'Veto Man'" and added that "at some point we'll probably come to an agreement" - a reference to the veto power he would retain even under a Democratic Congress, whose members are unlikely to muster the two-thirds majorities needed to override him in either chamber.
Republicans currently hold the House 218-214 and the Senate 53-47; Democrats need a net gain of four seats to flip each chamber. Polls favor Democrats in the House while the Senate remains too close to call. A Democratic Congress would gain committee power to investigate, subpoena and demand documents; the report said White House lawyers have also prepared for months for that prospect, briefing officials on handling congressional inquiries and advising care about what is put in writing.
A White House spokesman said Trump will continue advancing his agenda and delivering on his promises. Results will begin arriving after polls close on November 3. The full report is at Reuters: White House prepares to rely heavily on executive power.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国国会大厦清晨（资料图）。美国众议院摄，公共领域，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / The U.S. Capitol at sunrise (file photo). Photo by the U.S. House of Representatives, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
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