两名联邦法官裁定农业部须动用应急资金发11月食品券：11月3日前交执行计划，约4200万人受影响
华盛顿——联邦政府停摆11月1日进入第32天。据全国低收入住房联盟（NLIHC）对两案裁决的汇总及多家媒体报道，10月31日，波士顿与罗得岛州两名联邦法官先后裁决：农业部以停摆为由拒绝动用应急资金发放11月食品券（SNAP）的做法不合法，须动用国会批准的应急资金维持发放。该项目服务约4200万低收入美国人，约占全国人口的八分之一，每月发放约需85亿至90亿美元。
波士顿联邦地区法官 Indira Talwani 裁定，政府“应急资金不能在停摆期间使用”的立场与法律相悖，要求农业部在11月3日（周一）前提交计划，至少恢复部分发放。罗得岛州联邦地区法官 John J. McConnell Jr. 同日发布临时限制令：11月3日前全额发放，或在11月5日前提出可行的部分发放方案。11月1日，McConnell 再发命令，确认应急资金“必须现在使用”，并要求农业部在11月3日中午前向法院提交合规计划；命令同时提及，总统已公开回应表示愿意提供所需资金。
此案源于农业部此前通知各州：11月1日起不再发放食品券，称资金已经耗尽。25个州与华盛顿特区10月27日在波士顿联邦法院起诉农业部，要求动用应急资金；城市与非营利组织另在罗得岛州联邦法院起诉。诉讼材料显示，应急资金约46亿至52.5亿美元，不足以覆盖整月全额发放，部分发放的比例与各州到账时间仍待农业部计划确认。
加州的食品券项目为 CalFresh。领取人应留意所在州政府与县社会服务部门的最新通知，确认11月福利的发放时间与金额。
Two Federal Judges Order USDA to Use Contingency Funds for November SNAP Benefits; Plan Due November 3, 42 Million People Affected
WASHINGTON — The federal government shutdown entered its 32nd day on November 1. On October 31, two federal judges — in Boston and in Rhode Island — ruled that the U.S. Department of Agriculture's refusal to use contingency funds to pay November SNAP benefits during the shutdown was unlawful, and ordered the department to draw on the congressionally approved contingency fund, according to the National Low Income Housing Coalition's summary of the rulings and multiple news reports. SNAP serves about 42 million low-income Americans, roughly one in eight people in the country, and costs about $8.5 billion to $9 billion a month.
In Boston, U.S. District Judge Indira Talwani ruled the administration's position that contingency funds could not be used during the shutdown was "contrary to law," and gave the USDA until Monday, November 3, to present a plan to issue at least partial payments. In Rhode Island, U.S. District Judge John J. McConnell Jr. issued a temporary restraining order the same day: full payments by November 3, or a workable plan for partial benefits by November 5. On November 1, McConnell issued a further order stating the contingency funds "must be used now" and requiring the USDA to file a compliance plan by noon on November 3; the order also noted the president's public response expressing his desire to provide the funding.
The cases began after the USDA notified states that no benefits would be issued on November 1, saying the funds had run dry. Twenty-five states and Washington, D.C., sued the USDA in federal court in Boston on October 27 seeking use of the contingency funds; cities and nonprofit organizations filed a separate case in Rhode Island. Litigation filings put the contingency fund at roughly $4.6 billion to $5.25 billion — not enough to cover a full month of benefits — so the level of partial payments and state-by-state timing remain subject to the USDA's plan.
In California, the program operates as CalFresh. Recipients should follow the latest notices from their state government and county social services department for November payment timing and amounts.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：位于华盛顿的美国农业部总部大楼。GSM自家图库联邦素材包固定图。 | The U.S. Department of Agriculture headquarters in Washington. GSM asset library, federal pack.
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