英国：政府拟软化永居改革 已在英护理人员或免于15年等待
英国广播公司（BBC）10月31日报道，英国政府正考虑软化争议性的永居（indefinite leave to remain, ILR）改革：在英的社会护理人员可能被豁免于更长的资格期，避免获得永居的路径被再延长十年。内政大臣 Shabana Mahmood 预计将在11月2日开始的那一周宣布调整。这一豁免尚未正式确认，也尚不清楚是否所有合资格护理人员都能保留现行五年路线。
改革属于工党政府引入的贡献换永居（earned settlement）构想：按内政部2025年11月公布的提案，许多移民的标准资格期将从五年翻倍到十年；某些低薪工人、特别是受雇于学位以下岗位者，可能面临15年资格期。政府原先提议把改变适用于已在英国、尚未取得永居的人。
批评者说，在移民已经移居英国后再延长等待期，会破坏他们的长期计划，给家庭和雇主带来不确定性；前副首相 Angela Rayner 是最具代表性的批评者之一，她曾称对现有护理人员的追溯性改变不合英国价值。英国成人社会护理持续依赖海外劳动者，部长们须在减少长期移民与护理服务的招募、留用和稳定之间权衡。
对自2022年起经健康与护理工作者签证来英的人而言，这一决定将决定他们何时有资格在无需进一步签证担保的情况下永久居住和工作。例如一名2022年7月开始合资格路线者，按现行五年制可在2027年申请永居；若资格期变为15年，则要等到2037年。
UK: Government May Soften Settlement Rules, Care Workers Already in Britain Could Keep Five-Year Route
The UK government is considering softening its controversial indefinite leave to remain (ILR) reforms so that social care workers already living in Britain could be spared a proposed 15-year wait for permanent settlement, the BBC reported on October 31. Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood is expected to announce changes during the week beginning November 2. The exemption has not been formally confirmed, and it remains unclear whether all eligible care workers would retain the existing five-year route.
The proposals form part of the Labour government's earned-settlement system, under which migrants would have to demonstrate sustained contributions before qualifying for permanent residence. Under plans published by the Home Office in November 2025, the standard qualifying period for many migrants would double from five to 10 years, and certain lower-paid workers, particularly those sponsored for jobs below degree level, could face a 15-year period. The government originally proposed applying the changes to migrants already in Britain who had not received ILR.
Critics argue that extending the waiting period after people have already moved would undermine long-term plans and create uncertainty for families and employers. Angela Rayner has been among the most prominent critics, previously describing retrospective changes affecting existing care workers as un-British. Britain continues to depend on overseas workers in adult social care, and ministers must balance reducing long-term migration with recruitment, retention and stability in services supporting older and vulnerable people.
For workers who entered through the Health and Care Worker visa route from 2022 onwards, the decision could determine when they become eligible to live and work permanently without further sponsorship: a care worker who began a qualifying route in July 2022 could apply in 2027 under the five-year system, but in 2032 under a 10-year period or 2037 under a 15-year requirement.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：照片：长者护理之家（资料图），Jacek Halicki 摄，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 4.0 授权 / Photo: a care home for seniors, by Jacek Halicki, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
