加拿大：竞争局呼吁各省限制竞业禁止条款 称其压低工资、阻碍人才流动
加拿大竞争局10月29日表示，临时局长珍妮·普拉特（Jeanne Pratt）已致信各省和地区政府，鼓励它们限制雇佣合同中的竞业禁止条款。这类条款禁止员工离职后在一段时间内为竞争对手工作，或在同一行业创业。
竞争局说，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的调查显示，竞业禁止条款已广泛进入各类雇佣关系，而且使用率还在上升，很多被用在并无正当理由的岗位上，包括定期合同员工、低薪员工和接触不到机密信息的员工。
竞争局指出，这类条款即使本身不可执行，也会吓阻员工跳槽：员工担心被前雇主起诉，选择放弃应用自己技能的机会。结果是企业更难招到人才，工人换工作、涨工资和创业都受到抑制，经济的创新速度也随之放慢。
竞争局说，限制竞业禁止条款是一个亲竞争的政策选项，可以释放劳动力市场活力；安大略省和联邦政府已经带头对这类条款作了限制。普拉特说，摆脱不公平的竞业禁止条款，可以让工人更自由地把握机会，让雇主更公平地竞争人才。
Canada: Competition Bureau Urges Provinces to Limit Non-Compete Clauses
Canada's Competition Bureau said on October 29 that Interim Commissioner Jeanne Pratt has written to provincial and territorial governments encouraging them to limit non-compete clauses in employment contracts. Such clauses bar employees from working for a competitor, or starting a business in the same industry, for a period after leaving a job.
The Bureau said OECD research shows non-competes are now widespread and growing, and are often applied where they cannot be justified, including to fixed-term, low-paid and other workers with no access to confidential business information.
Even when unenforceable, the Bureau said, the clauses deter job moves because workers fear being sued by a former employer; that makes it harder for businesses to hire, suppresses wages and entrepreneurship, and slows innovation.
Restricting non-competes is a pro-competitive option that frees up labour mobility, the Bureau said, noting that Ontario and the federal government have already led the way. Pratt said removing unfair non-competes helps workers pursue the opportunities they choose and lets employers compete fairly for talent.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：照片：办公室工作场景（资料图），美国农业部，公共领域 / Office workers photo by the US Department of Agriculture, public domain
