历史上的今天：10月29日，全球重要历史事件
10月29日是公历一年中的第302天，这一天在全球多国历史上留下了重要事件：从土耳其共和国宣告成立、纽约股市「黑色星期二」崩盘，到互联网前身 ARPANET 首次连通与宇航员约翰·格伦77岁重返太空，本栏目按年份逐条记录，只述事实。
1618年，英国：探险家与作家 Walter Raleigh 在伦敦威斯敏斯特旧宫院被处决。1923年，土耳其：大国民议会在安卡拉宣告土耳其共和国成立，Mustafa Kemal（后称 Atatürk）当选首任总统，安卡拉为首都。1929年，美国：纽约证券交易所股价暴跌，道琼斯指数单日收跌逾12%，约1600万股易手，史称「黑色星期二」，成为大萧条的标志性事件。
1956年，埃及与以色列：以色列军队进攻埃及西奈半岛，苏伊士运河危机就此爆发，英国与法国随后介入。1959年，法国：漫画《阿斯泰利克斯》在《Pilote》杂志首次刊载。1960年，美国：穆罕默德·阿里（当时名 Cassius Clay）在肯塔基州路易斯维尔赢得个人职业拳击生涯首胜。1964年，坦桑尼亚：坦噶尼喀与桑给巴尔组成的联合共和国改名为坦桑尼亚，Julius Nyerere 任总统。
1969年，美国：ARPANET 实现首次计算机对计算机连通，这一美国国防部资助的网络被视为互联网的前身。1998年，美国：77岁的 John Glenn 乘「发现号」航天飞机重返太空，成为当时最年长的太空飞行者，此时距他1962年首次绕地球飞行已过去36年。2012年，美国：飓风「桑迪」在新泽西州海岸登陆，成为有记录以来最大的大西洋飓风之一，在多个国家造成230多人死亡，损失接近700亿美元。
On This Day: Major World Events of October 29
October 29 is the 302nd day of the year, and the date carries major events in the history of many countries, from the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey and Wall Street's Black Tuesday crash to the first ARPANET link and astronaut John Glenn's return to space at age 77. This column records them year by year, stating facts only.
In 1618, in the United Kingdom, explorer and writer Walter Raleigh was executed at the Old Palace Yard in Westminster, London. In 1923, in Turkey, the Grand National Assembly proclaimed the Republic of Turkey in Ankara and elected Mustafa Kemal, later known as Ataturk, as its first president, with Ankara as the capital. In 1929, in the United States, the New York Stock Exchange collapsed as the Dow Jones index closed down more than 12 percent and some 16 million shares changed hands, a day remembered as Black Tuesday and a landmark of the Great Depression.
In 1956, Israeli forces invaded Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, beginning the Suez Crisis, in which the United Kingdom and France later intervened. In 1959, in France, the comic Asterix was first published in the magazine Pilote. In 1960, in the United States, Muhammad Ali, then known as Cassius Clay, won his first professional boxing bout in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1964, the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar changed its name to Tanzania, with Julius Nyerere as president.
In 1969, in the United States, ARPANET created the first computer-to-computer link; the U.S. Defense Department-funded network is regarded as a forerunner of the internet. In 1998, in the United States, John Glenn, 77, returned to space aboard the space shuttle Discovery, becoming the oldest person to fly in space at the time, 36 years after his first orbital flight in 1962. In 2012, in the United States, Hurricane Sandy made landfall on the New Jersey coast as one of the largest Atlantic hurricanes on record, killing more than 230 people across several countries and causing nearly $70 billion in damage.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：宇航员约翰·格伦与「发现号」航天飞机（资料图）。Robert Markowitz / Mark Sowa 摄，Public domain，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Astronaut John Glenn and the space shuttle Discovery (file photo). Photo by Robert Markowitz / Mark Sowa, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
