冒充银行与政府机构电话短信诈骗：FTC数据示电话渠道损失9.48亿美元、中位数损失1500美元

联邦贸易委员会（FTC）《消费者哨兵网络数据手册2024》显示，在注明联系方式的诈骗报告中，电话是损失最重的传统渠道：全年284,659件报告、损失9.48亿美元，中位数损失1,500美元，为各联系方式中最高；短信渠道246,784件报告、损失4.7亿美元。冒充类诈骗全年总损失29.52亿美元，其中冒充政府机构造成7.89亿美元损失。本站此前报道，法院已永久关停一桩冒充银行与政府机构的债务减免骗局，判决金额1.068亿美元。

冒充的面孔：银行、政府、国税局、物流

FTC对冒充类诈骗的定义包括假冒政府、知名商家、技术支持专家等身份。FTC 2024年另发布警示：一类新骗局冒充官员，谎称受害人手机号涉及诈骗、威胁停号，索要「保证金」。加州公共卫生厅也曾发布警告，有人冒充公卫官员以处方核实为名套取个人信息，并已出现假警察视频通话。国税局（IRS）则发布了税务教育视频《Get Right With Your Taxes》，为重返社会人员讲清申报、退税与防诈骗事项。邮政与物流类短信诈骗同属短信渠道：FTC数据中短信报告达246,784件，中位数损失1,000美元。

号码可以被伪装

FBI在针对华人社区的警告中明确：来电显示是官方号码不等于官方行为，号码可以被伪装（spoofing）。同一警告列明的处置是：陌生人来电指控你犯罪或要求付款时，不提供个人或财务信息、不汇款、立即切断联系；自称外国当局者联系你，请联系当地FBI办公室核实，因为外国政府官员在美国合法执法必须与美国联邦当局协调。

按付款方式看风险

FTC数据显示，银行转账或银行支付是损失最大的付款方式，全年20.89亿美元；其次为加密货币14.17亿美元。支付App损失3.91亿美元，现金3.08亿美元，电汇2.87亿美元，礼品卡2.12亿美元。凡在电话或短信中被要求以银行转账、加密货币、礼品卡等方式即时付款的，均落在上述高损失付款方式之列。

官方识别要点汇总

据FTC与FBI公开口径：来电显示可伪装，不作为身份凭证；政府机构与银行的身份以官方公布渠道回拨核实，不使用来电或短信中提供的号码；凡以「手机号涉案」「账户冻结」「包裹问题」等名目要求立即付款、购买礼品卡或提供个人信息的，先切断联系再核实；举报冒充类诈骗可至ReportFraud.ftc.gov，涉及网络犯罪的至ic3.gov。

来源：GSM·美国

关联：法院永久关停冒充银行与政府机构的债务减免骗局：判决 1.068 亿美元

关联：联邦贸易委员会警示冒充官员新骗局：谎称手机号涉诈骗、威胁停号索要「保证金」

关联：国税局 IRS 发布税务教育视频《Get Right With Your Taxes》：为重返社会人员讲清申报、退税与防诈骗

关联：美国2024年诈骗报告损失125亿美元：FTC与FBI数据揭示华人社区为何成为重点目标（本系列总论）

Bank and Government Impersonation by Phone and Text: FTC Data Show $948 Million in Phone-Channel Losses and a $1,500 Median Loss

Among fraud reports that identified a contact method, the telephone was the costliest traditional channel in 2024: 284,659 reports and $948 million in losses, with a median loss of $1,500 — the highest of any contact method — according to the FTC's Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024. Text messages accounted for 246,784 reports and $470 million in losses. Imposter scams caused $2.952 billion in total losses, of which government impersonation accounted for $789 million. GSM previously reported that a court permanently shut down a debt-relief scheme that impersonated banks and government agencies, with a judgment of $106.8 million.

The many faces of impersonation: banks, government, the IRS, delivery services

The FTC defines imposter scams to include criminals posing as the government, well-known businesses, or technical support experts. In 2024 the FTC also warned of a newer script: callers posing as officials claim the victim's mobile number is implicated in fraud, threaten to suspend the number, and demand a "security deposit." California's Department of Public Health has warned of callers posing as public health officials who cite prescription verification to harvest personal information, including fake police video calls. The IRS, for its part, released a tax education video, "Get Right With Your Taxes," explaining filing, refunds and fraud prevention for people reentering society. Postal and delivery text scams fall in the text channel, which saw 246,784 reports with a median loss of $1,000.

Caller ID can be faked

The FBI's warning to Chinese communities states plainly: a caller ID showing an official number does not make the call official, because numbers can be spoofed. The same warning prescribes the response: if a stranger calls accusing you of a crime or demanding payment, do not provide personal or financial information, do not send money, and break off contact immediately. If someone claiming to be a foreign authority contacts you, verify through your local FBI office, since foreign officials conducting lawful enforcement in the US must coordinate with US federal authorities.

Risk by payment method

FTC data show bank transfers or bank payments as the costliest payment method at $2.089 billion in 2024, followed by cryptocurrency at $1.417 billion. Payment apps accounted for $391 million, cash $308 million, wire transfers $287 million and gift cards $212 million. Any phone call or text demanding instant payment by bank transfer, cryptocurrency or gift card falls squarely into these high-loss payment methods.

Official red flags, consolidated

From FTC and FBI public guidance: caller ID can be spoofed and is not proof of identity; verify any claimed bank or government identity by calling back through officially published channels, never a number supplied in the call or text; any demand for immediate payment, gift cards or personal information under pretexts such as "your number is implicated," "your account is frozen" or "a package problem" should be cut off first and verified second. Report imposter scams at ReportFraud.ftc.gov, and internet crime at ic3.gov.

Source: GSM·USA

Related: Court Permanently Shuts Down Debt Relief Scheme That Impersonated Banks and Agencies: $106.8 Million Judgment

Related: FTC Warns of Impostor Scam Claiming Phone Numbers Were Used for Fraud

Related: IRS Posts "Get Right With Your Taxes" Education Video for People Re-Entering Society

Related: US Fraud Losses Reported in 2024 Hit $12.5 Billion: FTC and FBI Data Show Why Chinese Communities Are Being Targeted (series overview)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：FTC 数据图表：《消费者哨兵网络数据手册 2024》第 12 页「按联系方式统计的诈骗报告与损失」（美国联邦贸易委员会 FTC，公共领域）/ FTC data chart: "Fraud Reports by Contact Method," Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book 2024, p. 12 (U.S. Federal Trade Commission, public domain)

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