企业邮箱入侵2024年损失27.7亿美元：买房电汇被篡改与伪造契据盗房如何发生

联邦调查局（FBI）互联网犯罪投诉中心（IC3）《2024年度报告》显示，企业邮箱入侵（BEC）2024年造成2,770,151,146美元损失，在各类网络犯罪中排名第二。这类手法的一个典型落点是房产交易：作案者侵入或仿冒经纪人、产权公司人员的邮箱，在过户前发出被篡改的电汇指令，把买家的过户资金转入其控制的账户。本站已报道多起伪造契据盗取房产的案件，旧金山一处440万美元豪宅的产权在14个月内被转手8次。

IC3报告中的一宗房产电汇案

IC3在2024年度报告中记载：2024年3月，FBI资产追回团队（Recovery Asset Team）接到一宗针对丹佛房产交易的BEC投诉——一对购房夫妇收到看似来自其房产经纪人的伪造邮件，被要求电汇956,342美元以完成过户。汇款两天后，夫妇发现邮件是假的。FBI资产追回团队随即启动冻结收款账户程序，成功追回955,060美元并返还受害人。这宗案子同时说明了两件事：篡改指令的邮件可以乱真到骗过正在交易中的买家；而报案与冻结的速度直接决定钱能否回来。

伪造契据：房子在不知情中被「卖掉」

与电汇诈骗并行的是产权（契据）诈骗。本站报道的旧金山海崖区案件中，一处440万美元豪宅遭撬锁霸占、伪造契据，产权14个月内转手8次，市检察长已提起民事诉讼要求撤销相关交易，市议会另通过垫付欠税，豪宅面临拍卖。St. Louis County一名男子已认罪：伪造契约盗走至少14处房产，涉案损失逾150万美元。德州一名男子同意认罪：假冒房主卖掉他人土地，涉及150万美元地契诈骗与洗钱。

识别要点（消费者指南口径）

《防范房产电汇诈骗消费者指南》（Coalition to Stop Real Estate Wire Fraud发布）列明：不要仅凭邮件收到的指令汇款；如资金需电汇，尽量当面取得指令，或用自己早已掌握的、而非可疑邮件中提供的电话号码，向收款方电话确认银行名称、账号与汇款路径；对临近过户时经邮件或语音留言送达的「指令变更」保持怀疑，产权公司与贷款机构的流程通常不会突然改变；在汇款前后都用已知号码致电可信来源确认。FBI的口径同样强调速度：已经转账的，立即联系银行并到ic3.gov报案。

报案与止损通道

立即联系汇出银行要求召回，并要求银行联系收款行；同步在ic3.gov提交投诉并提供完整电汇信息；加州居民可向加州检察长办公室举报：oag.ca.gov/report。IC3的资产追回团队负责在金融机构与FBI外勤办公室之间协调冻结涉诈交易，2024年其「金融诈骗止损链」处理3,020件投诉，成功率66%。

来源：GSM·美国

关联：跟进：旧金山华人豪宅遭撬锁霸占、伪造契据14个月转手8次，市检察长提民事诉讼求撤销

关联：St. Louis County男子认罪：伪造契约盗走至少14处房产 涉案损失逾150万美元

关联：德州男子同意认罪：假冒房主卖掉他人土地 涉150万美元地契诈骗与洗钱

关联：美国2024年诈骗报告损失125亿美元：FTC与FBI数据揭示华人社区为何成为重点目标（本系列总论）

Business Email Compromise Cost $2.77 Billion in 2024: How Closing Wires Are Diverted and Deeds Are Forged

Business email compromise (BEC) caused $2,770,151,146 in losses in 2024, ranking second among all internet crime types in the FBI IC3 2024 Internet Crime Report. One of its characteristic targets is the real estate closing: criminals compromise or spoof the email accounts of agents or title company staff and, just before closing, send altered wiring instructions that route the buyer's funds to an account they control. GSM has reported multiple cases of homes stolen through forged deeds, including a $4.4 million San Francisco mansion whose title changed hands eight times in 14 months.

A real estate wire case from the IC3 report

The IC3 2024 annual report records that in March 2024 the FBI's Recovery Asset Team received a BEC complaint involving a Denver real estate transaction: a couple buying a home received a spoofed email that appeared to come from their real estate agents, requesting a wire transfer of $956,342 to finalize the closing. Two days after the wire was sent, the buyers realized the email was fraudulent. The Recovery Asset Team immediately initiated the process to freeze the recipient bank account and recovered $955,060, returning the funds to the victims. The case shows both how convincing a forged instruction email can be, and how the speed of reporting and freezing determines whether the money comes back.

Forged deeds: a house "sold" without the owner knowing

Running parallel to wire fraud is title (deed) fraud. In the San Francisco Sea Cliff case reported by GSM, a $4.4 million mansion was broken into and occupied, its deed forged, and its title transferred eight times in 14 months; the City Attorney has filed a civil suit seeking to void the transactions, and the Board of Supervisors approved covering back taxes as the mansion faces auction. In St. Louis County, a man pleaded guilty to using forged deeds to steal at least 14 properties, with losses over $1.5 million. In Texas, a man agreed to plead guilty to posing as a property owner to sell land he did not own, in a $1.5 million deed fraud and money laundering case.

Red flags (consumer guide guidance)

The Consumer Guide to Protecting Against Real Estate Wire Fraud, published by the Coalition to Stop Real Estate Wire Fraud, advises: never wire money based solely on emailed instructions; where funds must be wired, obtain instructions in person where possible, or confirm them by phone with the recipient using a trusted phone number you already have — not a number provided in the suspicious email — verifying the bank name, account number and routing number; be suspicious of last-minute changes delivered by email or voicemail, since title companies and lenders have processes that should not suddenly change; and call a trusted source before and after wiring to confirm. The FBI likewise stresses speed: if you have already wired funds, contact your bank immediately and report at ic3.gov.

Reporting and loss-stopping channels

Contact your sending bank at once to request a recall and ask it to contact the receiving bank; file a complaint at ic3.gov with complete wire details; California residents may also report to the Attorney General at oag.ca.gov/report. IC3's Recovery Asset Team coordinates freezes of fraudulent transactions between financial institutions and FBI field offices; in 2024 its Financial Fraud Kill Chain processed 3,020 complaints with a 66 percent success rate.

Source: GSM·USA

Related: Follow-up: San Francisco Chinese Homeowner's $4.4 Million Sea Cliff House Squatted In and Flipped 8 Times on Forged Deeds, City Attorney Sues to Void Transfers

Related: St. Louis County Man Pleads Guilty to Stealing at Least 14 Properties With Fraudulent Deeds

Related: Texas Man to Plead Guilty in $1.5 Million Deed Fraud and Money Laundering Schemes

Related: US Fraud Losses Reported in 2024 Hit $12.5 Billion: FTC and FBI Data Show Why Chinese Communities Are Being Targeted (series overview)

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：掌心里的新房钥匙与房屋造型钥匙扣（Shixart1985 摄，CC BY 2.0）— via Wikimedia Commons / New house keys with a house-shaped keychain held in a palm (Shixart1985, CC BY 2.0) — via Wikimedia Commons

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