加州大学伯克利分校研究：上过过渡幼儿园的孩子三四年级阅读领先近11个月，低收入家庭受益最大
加州大学伯克利分校与学习政策研究所（Learning Policy Institute）10月22日发布的研究简报显示，上过过渡幼儿园（Transitional Kindergarten，TK）的加州儿童，到三、四年级时阅读成绩领先同龄人近11个月、数学领先约8个月，低收入家庭儿童受益最大。
这项由斯坦福大学委托的研究追踪了2011至2014年入读幼儿园的160多万名学生，覆盖6,100所学校、935个学区，跟进其学业表现至2019年。研究发现，受《幼儿园入学准备法》影响的儿童，阅读成绩接近高出一个年级的水平，数学约高出三分之二个年级水平。低收入家庭儿童在数学和阅读上比同届未上TK的儿童多约7个月的学习量；先在3岁上州立学前班、再在4岁上TK的孩子，增益更高。高收入家庭儿童的增益相对较小。
研究共同作者、伯克利分校教授Rucker Johnson表示，3岁和4岁的公共学前教育组合显著帮助幼儿打下更强的阅读和数学基础，早期持续投入的累积效应很重要。
加州目前向全部4岁儿童提供免费TK，2025至26学年该项目预算约41亿美元，州立学前班约28亿美元；目前TK的入读人数约为符合资格儿童的一半多。
来源：GSM·美国
UC Berkeley Study: Children Who Attended Transitional Kindergarten Read Nearly 11 Months Ahead by Third Grade
Children who attended transitional kindergarten (TK) in California scored nearly 11 months ahead in reading and about 8 months ahead in math by third and fourth grade, with the largest gains among low-income children, according to a research brief released October 22 by UC Berkeley and the Learning Policy Institute.
The study, commissioned by Stanford University, followed more than 1.6 million students who entered kindergarten between 2011 and 2014, across 6,100 schools and 935 districts, tracking their achievement through 2019. Students in cohorts affected by the Kindergarten Readiness Act had reading achievement nearly a grade level higher and math about two-thirds of a grade level higher than comparable earlier cohorts. Low-income children scored about seven months beyond peers in the same cohort who did not attend TK, in both math and reading, and gains were higher for children who attended state preschool at age 3 and then TK at age 4. Gains for higher-income children were smaller.
Co-author Rucker Johnson, a UC Berkeley professor, said the combination of public preschool at ages 3 and 4 dramatically helped young children build stronger reading and math skills, and that the cumulative effect of investing in the early years matters.
California now offers free TK to all 4-year-olds. The state budgeted about $4.1 billion for universal TK and $2.8 billion for state preschool in 2025-26, while TK enrollment stands at just over half of eligible 4-year-olds.
Source: GSM·USA
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：美国一所学前班课堂（资料图）。摄影：Pete Souza，白宫官方照片，公共领域，经Wikimedia Commons。Photo: A pre-kindergarten classroom in the United States (file photo). By Pete Souza, official White House photo, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
