航天局 NASA 完成 RS-25 发动机全时长试车：500秒点火、功率达111%，为阿尔忒弥斯任务验收飞行部件
美国国家航空航天局（NASA）10月21日在位于密西西比州 Bay St. Louis 附近的 Stennis 航天中心 Fred Haise 试车台，对编号 10001 的 RS-25 发动机进行了一次热试车。这台研制用发动机持续点火近8分半钟（500秒），与 RS-25 发动机在太空发射系统（SLS）火箭发射时的工作时长相同。
试车期间，操作人员将发动机功率提高至额定水平的111%，达到新生产型 RS-25 发动机把 SLS 火箭和 Orion 飞船送入轨道所需的推力水平。
NASA 表示，本次试车主要有两个目标：一是对将用于后续阿尔忒弥斯（Artemis）任务的 RS-25 飞行部件进行验收测试；二是验证一套新的热防护系统，该系统用于保护 RS-25 发动机喷管免受 SLS 火箭发射时周围热环境的影响。
这台研制用发动机不会用于实际飞行。NASA 称，此次热试车让 NASA 与发动机主承包商 L3Harris Technologies 能够获取关键数据，用于改进发动机的性能与可靠性；试车由 NASA、L3Harris Technologies 与 Nova Space Solutions 的操作团队共同执行。
RS-25 是 SLS 火箭的主发动机：每枚 SLS 火箭装有4台 RS-25，合计可产生高达200万磅的推力。所有 RS-25 发动机在投入使用前，都要在 Stennis 航天中心完成试车并验证适飞性。
NASA Hot-Fires RS-25 Engine for 500 Seconds at 111% Power in Artemis Test at Stennis
NASA conducted a hot-fire test of RS-25 engine No. 10001 on Oct. 21 on the Fred Haise Test Stand at the agency's Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. Test teams fired the developmental engine for almost eight and a half minutes (500 seconds), the same amount of time RS-25 engines fire during launch of NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) rocket.
During the test, operators also fired the engine up to the 111% power level, matching the thrust needed for new production engines to launch the SLS rocket and the Orion spacecraft to orbit.
According to NASA, the main objectives of the test were to acceptance test RS-25 flight components for future Artemis missions and to validate a new thermal protection system, which protects the RS-25 engine nozzle from the thermal environment surrounding the SLS during launch.
The developmental engine will not be used in flight. NASA said the hot fire provides the agency and its prime contractor, L3Harris Technologies, with critical data to improve engine performance and reliability. The test was conducted by a team of operators from NASA, L3Harris, and Nova Space Solutions.
Four RS-25 engines power each SLS rocket, producing up to 2 million pounds of combined thrust. All RS-25 engines are tested and proven flightworthy at NASA Stennis prior to use.
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：图：10月21日，RS-25 发动机在 NASA Stennis 航天中心 Fred Haise 试车台点火试车，蒸汽云腾起。美国国家航空航天局 NASA 官方发布，NASA/Danny Nowlin 摄，公共领域。Photo: RS-25 engine hot-fire test on the Fred Haise Test Stand at NASA's Stennis Space Center, Oct. 21, 2026. Credit: NASA/Danny Nowlin (public domain).
GSM Global · 本篇英文版 English edition of this story
