联邦法官下令限制国土安全部九个州选民调查：目标名单庞大且不可靠
美国联邦地区法官 Araceli Martínez-Olguín 10 月 21 日发布初步禁令，大幅限制国土安全部在九个州开展选举相关的实地走访与盘查。这九个州是加州、康涅狄格州、佐治亚州、密苏里州、内华达州、纽约州、宾夕法尼亚州、华盛顿州与威斯康星州。禁令规定，当执法人员知道或有理由怀疑对方是美国公民时，不得对其进行这类盘查。
法官在裁决中写道，国土安全部用以锁定目标的名单「数量庞大且不可靠」：其中 4,820 万条记录来自来源存疑的独立渠道，另有 5,060 万条来自各州选民名册或不可靠的商业版本名册数据。法官认为，在中期选举前几个月向个人住所部署武装人员、进行军事化行动的做法，可能吓阻选民以及帮助他人投票的人，而「公众对免受干扰与恐吓的安全选举的利益，远远超过被告所称打击非公民非法投票的利益」。
这起诉讼由加州护士协会、全国护士联合会、旧金山市县、圣克拉拉县与 Voto Latino 基金会提起，挑战国土安全部自 9 月起加强的上门盘查行动——按该部的「非法选民倡议」，探员依据名单登门询问居民的移民身份与投票记录。禁令暂定于 11 月 3 日投票站关闭时失效；为给联邦政府向第九巡回上诉法院申请紧急复核留出时间，禁令暂缓至本周五下午 5 时才生效。国土安全部未立即就裁决置评。
关联：州长办公室：司法部就选民欺诈指控起诉28人，寄往洛县的2万个姓名样本近四成出生于美国
Federal Judge Restricts DHS Voter Investigations in Nine States: Target Lists 'Voluminous and Unreliable'
U.S. District Judge Araceli Martínez-Olguín issued a preliminary injunction on October 21 largely restricting the Department of Homeland Security from carrying out election-related field visits and interviews in nine states: California, Connecticut, Georgia, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania, Washington and Wisconsin. The order bars such interviews when officers know, or reasonably suspect, that the person is a U.S. citizen.
In the ruling, the judge wrote that the lists DHS used to identify targets were "voluminous and unreliable": 48.2 million records came from independent sources of questionable provenance, and another 50.6 million from state voter-roll data or unreliable commercial versions of it. Deploying armed officers to people's homes in a militarized action in the final months before the midterm elections, she found, risked intimidating voters and people who help others vote, and "the public's interest in safe elections, free from interference or intimidation, far exceed Defendants' purported interest in combating unlawful voting by non-U.S. citizens."
The lawsuit was brought by the California Nurses Association, National Nurses United, the City and County of San Francisco, Santa Clara County and the Voto Latino Foundation, challenging door-knocking operations DHS has ramped up since September under its "Unlawful Voter Initiative," in which agents working from target lists question residents about their immigration status and voting history. The injunction is set to remain in effect until polls close on November 3; it is on hold until 5 p.m. Friday to give the federal government an opportunity to seek emergency review in the Ninth Circuit. DHS did not immediately comment on the ruling.
发布：GSM·美国（发布链接）
图片来源：华盛顿特区一处投票站内，选民在选票工作人员桌前办理手续（资料图，2024 年）。照片：OSCE PA 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0，经 Wikimedia Commons。 / Voters at a polling station in Washington, D.C. (file photo, 2024). Photo: OSCE PA, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons.
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