跟进：各州为司法部选举观察员激增做准备 NAACP起诉要求禁止检察官担任观察员

据路透社10月21日报道，随着11月3日中期选举临近，美国多州选举官员正为联邦司法部（DOJ）选举观察员的大规模到来做准备。在一场可能决定参议院控制权的关键选战所在的 Maine，州务卿已通知地方选举主管：若联邦观察员提出到场观察的要求，先与州政府联系。本站10月6日曾报道，司法部计划在选举日部署逾1,000名观察员，规模为该部历史之最。

司法部的选举观察项目已有数十年历史，传统上由民权司派出民事律师与专业人员到场，记录投票站缺少西班牙语选票、无障碍设施不足等民权问题，并事先与州和地方选举官员协调、提前公布观察地点。本届政府重组民权司后，该项目重心转向选举舞弊与非公民投票问题；今年初选期间，司法部已向十余个州派出观察员。

争议焦点之一，是司法部计划起用刑事检察官与联邦执法人员担任观察员，打破以往只用民事律师与专业人员的做法。投票权团体担心，检察官出现在投票站会令选民却步。曾任司法部律师、担任过选举观察员的 Stacey Young 对路透社说：「从未有过哪个时刻，司法部的出现会被视为如此之大的威胁。」她现执掌曾反对本届政府的倡议组织 Justice Connection。

10月16日，NAACP 与 Advancement Project 向位于华盛顿的联邦地区法院起诉，要求禁止司法部派检察官与其他联邦执法人员担任观察员，并要求其公布受观察辖区的完整名单。诉状称：「没有任何联邦法律授权被告把投票站变成审讯室。」Advancement Project 律师 Carmen Daugherty 表示，《投票权法》的存在正是为了保护选民免受这类恫吓。NAACP 方面还指出，初选期间 Arizona、Minnesota 两州出现的观察员中包括联邦检察官、FBI 探员，以及一名曾因非法侵入选举网站被定罪的新聘司法部律师；Wyoming 州长 Mark Gordon 也曾形容观察员行为「咄咄逼人、不合常规」。

司法部方面回应，一名高级官员称选民不太可能察觉检察官与其他工作人员的区别；发言人 Pels 在声明中说：「观察员不会表明自己检察官的身份。」他称 NAACP 的诉讼建立在「无端恐惧与毫无根据的猜测」之上。司法部此前表示，该项目的使命是保护选票安全、透明度以及联邦选举法的遵守。11月3日的选举将决定国会控制权归属，民主党被普遍预计将夺回众议院，并可能赢得参议院。

关联：司法部拟 11 月大选部署逾千名监票员，规模创历史之最

关联：美国选举制度（四）：中期选举：2026年11月3日改选什么

Follow-Up: States Prepare for Surge of DOJ Election Watchers as NAACP Sues to Bar Prosecutors as Monitors

According to Reuters on October 21, with the November 3 midterm elections approaching, state election officials across the United States are preparing for a large-scale arrival of U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) election monitors. In Maine, home to a race that could decide control of the Senate, the secretary of state has told local election supervisors to contact the state if federal monitors request permission to observe. GSM reported on October 6 that the Justice Department plans to deploy more than 1,000 monitors on Election Day, the largest such operation in the department's history.

The DOJ election monitoring program dates back decades. It has traditionally been run by the Civil Rights Division, which sent civil attorneys and professional staff to document potential civil rights violations, such as polling places lacking Spanish-language ballots or accessible facilities, coordinating with state and local officials and giving advance public notice of monitor locations. After the current administration reshaped the Civil Rights Division, the program's focus shifted toward election fraud and voting by noncitizens; during this year's primaries, the department already dispatched monitors to more than a dozen states.

A central point of dispute is the department's plan to deploy criminal prosecutors and federal law enforcement personnel as monitors, breaking with the historical practice of relying on civil lawyers and support staff out of concern that prosecutors at the polls could make voters apprehensive. Stacey Young, a former DOJ lawyer who previously served as an election monitor and now runs the advocacy group Justice Connection, told Reuters: "There's never been a time when DOJ's presence would have been viewed as this much of a threat."

On October 16, the NAACP and the Advancement Project sued in federal court in Washington, D.C., seeking to block the Justice Department from deploying federal prosecutors and other federal law enforcement as election monitors, and asking for a complete list of the jurisdictions targeted for monitoring. "There is no federal statute that gives Defendants the authority to turn polling places into interrogation rooms," the complaint said. Carmen Daugherty of the Advancement Project said the Voting Rights Act exists to protect voters from exactly this kind of intimidation. The NAACP also pointed to monitors deployed during the primaries in Arizona and Minnesota, who included federal prosecutors, an FBI agent and a newly hired DOJ lawyer previously convicted of election crimes; Wyoming Governor Mark Gordon described the monitors' behavior as "aggressive" and "irregular."

A senior DOJ official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said voters were unlikely to notice a difference between prosecutors and other DOJ staff. "Monitors will not identify themselves as prosecutors," spokesperson Pels said in a statement, arguing that the NAACP lawsuit is based on "unwarranted fear and baseless speculation." The department has said the program's mission is to protect ballot security, transparency and compliance with federal election laws. The November 3 election will decide control of Congress, with Democrats widely expected to gain the House and possibly the Senate.

Related: DOJ plans more than 1,000 election monitors for November vote, largest in its history

来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）

图片来源：提前投票站外景（资料图，Maryland，2018年）。Edward Kimmel 摄，CC BY-SA 2.0 授权，经 Wikimedia Commons 发布／Early voting location exterior (file photo, Maryland, 2018). Photo: Edward Kimmel, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

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