柏林数据保护机构裁定四党违反 GDPR：基民盟、社民党、绿党与左翼党在 Facebook 按政治兴趣定向投放被申斥
德国柏林——柏林数据保护与信息自由专员（BlnBDI）裁定，德国四个政党在2021年联邦大选期间在 Facebook 上按用户的政治兴趣定向投放广告，违反《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR）。隐私维权组织 noyb 于10月21日公布了这批结案通知，通知日期为9月24日。
被裁定的政党包括基民盟（CDU）、社民党（SPD）、绿党与左翼党；自民党联盟伙伴选择党的案件仍在处理中。据 noyb 所述，监管机构认定这些定向处理缺乏同意等合法依据，对四党发出申斥，但未处以罚款或禁令。投放数据的原始收集来自 ZDF Magazin Royale 与 Who Targets Me 项目，noyb 于2023年3月提起投诉。
按 GDPR 第9条，政治观点属特殊类别个人数据，基于能揭示政治立场的兴趣标签挑选选民须有合法依据。裁定确认广告投放方对基于兴趣的定向负有责任；本案从投诉到裁定历时三年半，其间德国又举行了一届联邦大选，欧盟《政治广告透明与定向条例》（TTPA）亦已生效。
Berlin Privacy Watchdog Finds Four German Parties Breached the GDPR by Targeting Facebook Users on Political Interests; Reprimands Issued, No Fines
Berlin, Germany — The Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information (BlnBDI) has found that four German political parties breached the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by targeting Facebook users based on their political interests during the 2021 federal election. The privacy group noyb published the closing notices, dated September 24, 2026, on October 21.
The decisions cover the CDU, the SPD, the Greens and The Left; a case involving the AfD is still pending. According to noyb, the authority found no legal basis, such as consent, for the targeting, and issued reprimands, but no fines or ban. The underlying data was originally collected by ZDF Magazin Royale and the Who Targets Me project, and noyb filed its complaints in March 2023.
Political opinions are special-category data under Article 9 of the GDPR, and selecting voters by interests that reveal political views requires a legal basis. The outcome confirms that advertisers bear responsibility for interest-based targeting of sensitive data, after a process that spanned a further federal election and the arrival of the EU's Transparency and Targeting of Political Advertising regulation (TTPA).
来源：GSM·美国（原文链接）
图片来源：柏林联邦总理府。图：Norbert Nagel，Wikimedia Commons，CC BY-SA 3.0。 / The Federal Chancellery in Berlin. Photo by Norbert Nagel, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0.
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